Closing Water Cycles in the Built Environment through Nature-Based Solutions: The Contribution of Vertical Greening Systems and Green Roofs
Autor(a) principal: | |
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Data de Publicação: | 2021 |
Outros Autores: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
Tipo de documento: | Artigo |
Idioma: | eng |
Título da fonte: | Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) |
Texto Completo: | http://hdl.handle.net/10451/49497 |
Resumo: | Water in the city is typically exploited in a linear process, in which most of it is polluted, treated, and discharged; during this process, valuable nutrients are lost in the treatment process instead of being cycled back and used in urban agriculture or green space. The purpose of this paper is to advance a new paradigm to close water cycles in cities via the implementation of naturebased solutions units (NBS_u), with a particular focus on building greening elements, such as green roofs (GRs) and vertical greening systems (VGS). The hypothesis is that such “circular systems” can provide substantial ecosystem services and minimize environmental degradation. Our method is twofold: we first examine these systems from a life-cycle point of view, assessing not only the inputs of conventional and alternative materials, but the ongoing input of water that is required for irrigation. Secondly, the evapotranspiration performance of VGS in Copenhagen, Berlin, Lisbon, Rome, Istanbul, and Tel Aviv, cities with different climatic, architectural, and sociocultural contexts have been simulated using a verticalized ET0 approach, assessing rainwater runoff and greywater as irrigation resources. The water cycling performance of VGS in the mentioned cities would be sufficient at recycling 44% (Lisbon) to 100% (Berlin, Istanbul) of all accruing rainwater roof–runoff, if water shortages in dry months are bridged by greywater. Then, 27–53% of the greywater accruing in a building could be managed on its greened surface. In conclusion, we address the gaps in the current knowledge and policies identified in the different stages of analyses, such as the lack of comprehensive life cycle assessment studies that quantify the complete “water footprint” of building greening systems. |
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Closing Water Cycles in the Built Environment through Nature-Based Solutions: The Contribution of Vertical Greening Systems and Green Roofswater reusewater managementwater cyclenature-based solutionsgreen roofsvertical greening systemslife-cycle assessmentcircular citiesbuilt environmentbuilding greeningWater in the city is typically exploited in a linear process, in which most of it is polluted, treated, and discharged; during this process, valuable nutrients are lost in the treatment process instead of being cycled back and used in urban agriculture or green space. The purpose of this paper is to advance a new paradigm to close water cycles in cities via the implementation of naturebased solutions units (NBS_u), with a particular focus on building greening elements, such as green roofs (GRs) and vertical greening systems (VGS). The hypothesis is that such “circular systems” can provide substantial ecosystem services and minimize environmental degradation. Our method is twofold: we first examine these systems from a life-cycle point of view, assessing not only the inputs of conventional and alternative materials, but the ongoing input of water that is required for irrigation. Secondly, the evapotranspiration performance of VGS in Copenhagen, Berlin, Lisbon, Rome, Istanbul, and Tel Aviv, cities with different climatic, architectural, and sociocultural contexts have been simulated using a verticalized ET0 approach, assessing rainwater runoff and greywater as irrigation resources. The water cycling performance of VGS in the mentioned cities would be sufficient at recycling 44% (Lisbon) to 100% (Berlin, Istanbul) of all accruing rainwater roof–runoff, if water shortages in dry months are bridged by greywater. Then, 27–53% of the greywater accruing in a building could be managed on its greened surface. In conclusion, we address the gaps in the current knowledge and policies identified in the different stages of analyses, such as the lack of comprehensive life cycle assessment studies that quantify the complete “water footprint” of building greening systems.MDPIRepositório da Universidade de LisboaPearlmutter, DavidPucher, BernhardCalheiros, Cristina S. C.Hoffmann, Karin A.Aicher, AndreasPinho, PedroStracqualursi, AlessandroKorolova, AlisaPobric, AlmaGalvão, AnaTokuç, AyçaBas, BilgeTheochari, DimitraMilosevic, DraganGiancola, EmanuelaBertino, GaetanoCastellar, Joana A. C.Flaszynska, JuliaOnur, MakbulenurMateo, Mari Carmen GarciaAndreucci, Maria BeatriceMilousi, MariaFonseca, MarianaLonardo, Sara DiGezik, VeronikaPitha, UlrikeNehls, Thomas2021-09-09T15:42:01Z2021-082021-08-01T00:00:00Zinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/articleapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/10451/49497engPearlmutter, D.; Pucher, B.; Calheiros, C.S.C.; Hoffmann, K.A.; Aicher, A.; Pinho, P.; Stracqualursi, A.; Korolova, A.; Pobric, A.; Galvão, A.; et al. ClosingWater Cycles in the Built Environment through Nature-Based Solutions: The Contribution of Vertical Greening Systems and Green Roofs. Water 2021, 13, 2165. https://doi.org/10.3390/ w131621652073-444110.3390/w13162165info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessreponame:Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos)instname:Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informaçãoinstacron:RCAAP2023-11-08T16:53:18Zoai:repositorio.ul.pt:10451/49497Portal AgregadorONGhttps://www.rcaap.pt/oai/openaireopendoar:71602024-03-19T22:01:07.393114Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) - Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informaçãofalse |
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
Closing Water Cycles in the Built Environment through Nature-Based Solutions: The Contribution of Vertical Greening Systems and Green Roofs |
title |
Closing Water Cycles in the Built Environment through Nature-Based Solutions: The Contribution of Vertical Greening Systems and Green Roofs |
spellingShingle |
Closing Water Cycles in the Built Environment through Nature-Based Solutions: The Contribution of Vertical Greening Systems and Green Roofs Pearlmutter, David water reuse water management water cycle nature-based solutions green roofs vertical greening systems life-cycle assessment circular cities built environment building greening |
title_short |
Closing Water Cycles in the Built Environment through Nature-Based Solutions: The Contribution of Vertical Greening Systems and Green Roofs |
title_full |
Closing Water Cycles in the Built Environment through Nature-Based Solutions: The Contribution of Vertical Greening Systems and Green Roofs |
title_fullStr |
Closing Water Cycles in the Built Environment through Nature-Based Solutions: The Contribution of Vertical Greening Systems and Green Roofs |
title_full_unstemmed |
Closing Water Cycles in the Built Environment through Nature-Based Solutions: The Contribution of Vertical Greening Systems and Green Roofs |
title_sort |
Closing Water Cycles in the Built Environment through Nature-Based Solutions: The Contribution of Vertical Greening Systems and Green Roofs |
author |
Pearlmutter, David |
author_facet |
Pearlmutter, David Pucher, Bernhard Calheiros, Cristina S. C. Hoffmann, Karin A. Aicher, Andreas Pinho, Pedro Stracqualursi, Alessandro Korolova, Alisa Pobric, Alma Galvão, Ana Tokuç, Ayça Bas, Bilge Theochari, Dimitra Milosevic, Dragan Giancola, Emanuela Bertino, Gaetano Castellar, Joana A. C. Flaszynska, Julia Onur, Makbulenur Mateo, Mari Carmen Garcia Andreucci, Maria Beatrice Milousi, Maria Fonseca, Mariana Lonardo, Sara Di Gezik, Veronika Pitha, Ulrike Nehls, Thomas |
author_role |
author |
author2 |
Pucher, Bernhard Calheiros, Cristina S. C. Hoffmann, Karin A. Aicher, Andreas Pinho, Pedro Stracqualursi, Alessandro Korolova, Alisa Pobric, Alma Galvão, Ana Tokuç, Ayça Bas, Bilge Theochari, Dimitra Milosevic, Dragan Giancola, Emanuela Bertino, Gaetano Castellar, Joana A. C. Flaszynska, Julia Onur, Makbulenur Mateo, Mari Carmen Garcia Andreucci, Maria Beatrice Milousi, Maria Fonseca, Mariana Lonardo, Sara Di Gezik, Veronika Pitha, Ulrike Nehls, Thomas |
author2_role |
author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author |
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv |
Repositório da Universidade de Lisboa |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Pearlmutter, David Pucher, Bernhard Calheiros, Cristina S. C. Hoffmann, Karin A. Aicher, Andreas Pinho, Pedro Stracqualursi, Alessandro Korolova, Alisa Pobric, Alma Galvão, Ana Tokuç, Ayça Bas, Bilge Theochari, Dimitra Milosevic, Dragan Giancola, Emanuela Bertino, Gaetano Castellar, Joana A. C. Flaszynska, Julia Onur, Makbulenur Mateo, Mari Carmen Garcia Andreucci, Maria Beatrice Milousi, Maria Fonseca, Mariana Lonardo, Sara Di Gezik, Veronika Pitha, Ulrike Nehls, Thomas |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
water reuse water management water cycle nature-based solutions green roofs vertical greening systems life-cycle assessment circular cities built environment building greening |
topic |
water reuse water management water cycle nature-based solutions green roofs vertical greening systems life-cycle assessment circular cities built environment building greening |
description |
Water in the city is typically exploited in a linear process, in which most of it is polluted, treated, and discharged; during this process, valuable nutrients are lost in the treatment process instead of being cycled back and used in urban agriculture or green space. The purpose of this paper is to advance a new paradigm to close water cycles in cities via the implementation of naturebased solutions units (NBS_u), with a particular focus on building greening elements, such as green roofs (GRs) and vertical greening systems (VGS). The hypothesis is that such “circular systems” can provide substantial ecosystem services and minimize environmental degradation. Our method is twofold: we first examine these systems from a life-cycle point of view, assessing not only the inputs of conventional and alternative materials, but the ongoing input of water that is required for irrigation. Secondly, the evapotranspiration performance of VGS in Copenhagen, Berlin, Lisbon, Rome, Istanbul, and Tel Aviv, cities with different climatic, architectural, and sociocultural contexts have been simulated using a verticalized ET0 approach, assessing rainwater runoff and greywater as irrigation resources. The water cycling performance of VGS in the mentioned cities would be sufficient at recycling 44% (Lisbon) to 100% (Berlin, Istanbul) of all accruing rainwater roof–runoff, if water shortages in dry months are bridged by greywater. Then, 27–53% of the greywater accruing in a building could be managed on its greened surface. In conclusion, we address the gaps in the current knowledge and policies identified in the different stages of analyses, such as the lack of comprehensive life cycle assessment studies that quantify the complete “water footprint” of building greening systems. |
publishDate |
2021 |
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2021-09-09T15:42:01Z 2021-08 2021-08-01T00:00:00Z |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
format |
article |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
http://hdl.handle.net/10451/49497 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/10451/49497 |
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv |
eng |
language |
eng |
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv |
Pearlmutter, D.; Pucher, B.; Calheiros, C.S.C.; Hoffmann, K.A.; Aicher, A.; Pinho, P.; Stracqualursi, A.; Korolova, A.; Pobric, A.; Galvão, A.; et al. ClosingWater Cycles in the Built Environment through Nature-Based Solutions: The Contribution of Vertical Greening Systems and Green Roofs. Water 2021, 13, 2165. https://doi.org/10.3390/ w13162165 2073-4441 10.3390/w13162165 |
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv |
application/pdf |
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
MDPI |
publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
MDPI |
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv |
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Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informação |
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RCAAP |
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RCAAP |
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Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) |
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Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) |
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Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) - Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informação |
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