Sanctioning Capacity in Trade and Sustainability Chapters in EU Trade Agreements: The EU–Korea Case
Autor(a) principal: | |
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Data de Publicação: | 2022 |
Tipo de documento: | Artigo |
Idioma: | eng |
Título da fonte: | Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) |
Texto Completo: | https://doi.org/10.17645/pag.v10i1.4782 |
Resumo: | Although sanctions targeting political regimes receive the most media attention, the EU can also sanction states for labour rights violations through its trade policy. Although in practice such sanctions are applied only in extreme cases, the possibility of suspending trade preferences increases the EU’s leverage. In modern trade agreements, the EU incorporates Trade and Sustainable Development (TSD) chapters for labour and environmental matters. However, trade sanctions for non-compliance with this chapter are absent. Instead, a dedicated dispute settlement arrangement exists, leading to recommendations by a panel of experts. In 2019 the EU launched proceedings against South Korea for failing to uphold commitments to ratify and implement International Labour Organisation core conventions regarding trade unions under the 2011 EU–Korea Trade Agreement. In 2021, the panel of experts sided with the EU’s interpretation of commitments under the TSD chapter. This initial case represents the EU’s intention to focus on the implementation of TSD chapters. Using data from official documents, this article process-traces the dispute with Korea. It argues that the outcome of the case, and Korea’s ratification of fundamental International Labour Organisation conventions in 2021, demonstrate the potential of the TSD chapter, when forcefully enforced, to partially redress the weak sanctioning capacity in TSD chapters. It also uncovers important caveats regarding state capacity and alignment with government objectives as conditioning the effectiveness of TSD chapters’ non-legally binding sanctioning mechanisms. |
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Sanctioning Capacity in Trade and Sustainability Chapters in EU Trade Agreements: The EU–Korea Casedispute mechanism; EU; FTA; Korea; labour standards; panel of experts; sanctions; trade and sustainabilityAlthough sanctions targeting political regimes receive the most media attention, the EU can also sanction states for labour rights violations through its trade policy. Although in practice such sanctions are applied only in extreme cases, the possibility of suspending trade preferences increases the EU’s leverage. In modern trade agreements, the EU incorporates Trade and Sustainable Development (TSD) chapters for labour and environmental matters. However, trade sanctions for non-compliance with this chapter are absent. Instead, a dedicated dispute settlement arrangement exists, leading to recommendations by a panel of experts. In 2019 the EU launched proceedings against South Korea for failing to uphold commitments to ratify and implement International Labour Organisation core conventions regarding trade unions under the 2011 EU–Korea Trade Agreement. In 2021, the panel of experts sided with the EU’s interpretation of commitments under the TSD chapter. This initial case represents the EU’s intention to focus on the implementation of TSD chapters. Using data from official documents, this article process-traces the dispute with Korea. It argues that the outcome of the case, and Korea’s ratification of fundamental International Labour Organisation conventions in 2021, demonstrate the potential of the TSD chapter, when forcefully enforced, to partially redress the weak sanctioning capacity in TSD chapters. It also uncovers important caveats regarding state capacity and alignment with government objectives as conditioning the effectiveness of TSD chapters’ non-legally binding sanctioning mechanisms.Cogitatio2022-01-26info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/articleapplication/pdfhttps://doi.org/10.17645/pag.v10i1.4782oai:ojs.cogitatiopress.com:article/4782Politics and Governance; Vol 10, No 1 (2022): Beyond Foreign Policy? EU Sanctions at the Intersection of Development, Trade, and CFSP; 58-672183-2463reponame:Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos)instname:Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informaçãoinstacron:RCAAPenghttps://www.cogitatiopress.com/politicsandgovernance/article/view/4782https://doi.org/10.17645/pag.v10i1.4782https://www.cogitatiopress.com/politicsandgovernance/article/view/4782/4782Copyright (c) 2022 María J. Garcíahttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessGarcía, María J.2022-12-22T15:15:47Zoai:ojs.cogitatiopress.com:article/4782Portal AgregadorONGhttps://www.rcaap.pt/oai/openaireopendoar:71602024-03-19T16:22:13.153366Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) - Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informaçãofalse |
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
Sanctioning Capacity in Trade and Sustainability Chapters in EU Trade Agreements: The EU–Korea Case |
title |
Sanctioning Capacity in Trade and Sustainability Chapters in EU Trade Agreements: The EU–Korea Case |
spellingShingle |
Sanctioning Capacity in Trade and Sustainability Chapters in EU Trade Agreements: The EU–Korea Case García, María J. dispute mechanism; EU; FTA; Korea; labour standards; panel of experts; sanctions; trade and sustainability |
title_short |
Sanctioning Capacity in Trade and Sustainability Chapters in EU Trade Agreements: The EU–Korea Case |
title_full |
Sanctioning Capacity in Trade and Sustainability Chapters in EU Trade Agreements: The EU–Korea Case |
title_fullStr |
Sanctioning Capacity in Trade and Sustainability Chapters in EU Trade Agreements: The EU–Korea Case |
title_full_unstemmed |
Sanctioning Capacity in Trade and Sustainability Chapters in EU Trade Agreements: The EU–Korea Case |
title_sort |
Sanctioning Capacity in Trade and Sustainability Chapters in EU Trade Agreements: The EU–Korea Case |
author |
García, María J. |
author_facet |
García, María J. |
author_role |
author |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
García, María J. |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
dispute mechanism; EU; FTA; Korea; labour standards; panel of experts; sanctions; trade and sustainability |
topic |
dispute mechanism; EU; FTA; Korea; labour standards; panel of experts; sanctions; trade and sustainability |
description |
Although sanctions targeting political regimes receive the most media attention, the EU can also sanction states for labour rights violations through its trade policy. Although in practice such sanctions are applied only in extreme cases, the possibility of suspending trade preferences increases the EU’s leverage. In modern trade agreements, the EU incorporates Trade and Sustainable Development (TSD) chapters for labour and environmental matters. However, trade sanctions for non-compliance with this chapter are absent. Instead, a dedicated dispute settlement arrangement exists, leading to recommendations by a panel of experts. In 2019 the EU launched proceedings against South Korea for failing to uphold commitments to ratify and implement International Labour Organisation core conventions regarding trade unions under the 2011 EU–Korea Trade Agreement. In 2021, the panel of experts sided with the EU’s interpretation of commitments under the TSD chapter. This initial case represents the EU’s intention to focus on the implementation of TSD chapters. Using data from official documents, this article process-traces the dispute with Korea. It argues that the outcome of the case, and Korea’s ratification of fundamental International Labour Organisation conventions in 2021, demonstrate the potential of the TSD chapter, when forcefully enforced, to partially redress the weak sanctioning capacity in TSD chapters. It also uncovers important caveats regarding state capacity and alignment with government objectives as conditioning the effectiveness of TSD chapters’ non-legally binding sanctioning mechanisms. |
publishDate |
2022 |
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2022-01-26 |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
format |
article |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
https://doi.org/10.17645/pag.v10i1.4782 oai:ojs.cogitatiopress.com:article/4782 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.17645/pag.v10i1.4782 |
identifier_str_mv |
oai:ojs.cogitatiopress.com:article/4782 |
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv |
eng |
language |
eng |
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https://www.cogitatiopress.com/politicsandgovernance/article/view/4782 https://doi.org/10.17645/pag.v10i1.4782 https://www.cogitatiopress.com/politicsandgovernance/article/view/4782/4782 |
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Copyright (c) 2022 María J. García http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
rights_invalid_str_mv |
Copyright (c) 2022 María J. García http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 |
eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
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application/pdf |
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Cogitatio |
publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Cogitatio |
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv |
Politics and Governance; Vol 10, No 1 (2022): Beyond Foreign Policy? EU Sanctions at the Intersection of Development, Trade, and CFSP; 58-67 2183-2463 reponame:Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) instname:Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informação instacron:RCAAP |
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Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informação |
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RCAAP |
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RCAAP |
reponame_str |
Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) |
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Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) |
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Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) - Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informação |
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