SKIN ALLERGY IN CHILDREN
Autor(a) principal: | |
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Data de Publicação: | 2011 |
Tipo de documento: | Artigo |
Idioma: | eng |
Título da fonte: | Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) |
Texto Completo: | https://doi.org/10.29021/spdv.69.3.73 |
Resumo: | As with adults, the history and localization of the dermatitis are crucial for the diagnosis of allergic contact dermatitis, certain contactants and/or habits that are characteristic for the child/adolescent may be responsible for unu- sual clinical presentations. The most important allergens in children are metals, such as chromium (in shoes) and nickel (sometimes associated with cobalt or palladium, the latter also giving rise to contact granulomas), particularly in girls, due to the popularity of cheap jewellery. More recently, other sources, like cell phones, emerged among young adults. Other allergens identified are ingredients of topical pharmaceutical products, particularly antiseptic agents; mercury and its derivatives are still used in some countries, but allergic reactions, even in young children, are most often not cli- nically relevant. Cosmetics, particularly skin care products and wipes, may give rise to sensitization to fragrance compo- nents or preservative agents. Rubber derivatives, often responsible for shoe or diaper dermatitis, resins, and plants may also be among the sensitization sources involved. Moreover, certain occupational allergens (e.g., those associated with hairdressing, construction, and metalworking) are found in adolescents. Changing regulations concerning the presence of allergens in common products, the incidence of contact allergy in children might decrease in the future (e.g. nickel in jewellery and mobile phones and hair dyes in children below the age of 16 years). The use of p-phenylenediamine in temporary henna tattoos still remains a problem. Patch testing in children is safe; most authors consider that irritant reactions are not frequently observed (except in atopics, particularly with metals) and the same patch test concentra- tions as in adults can be used. However, the possibility of false-positive and false-negative reactions has to be consi- dered and, if there is doubt about irritancy, lower patch test concentrations should also be tested. Due to reduced test surface area, diminished environmental exposure to certain allergens and particularly hypermobility of young children, testing with an abbreviated standard series is recommended by some, although others warn that many reactions may thus be missed. Anyway, it is important to take into account the history and clinical picture and to always add possible other allergens and personal products used.KEYWORDS – Dermatitis; Allergic Contact; Child; Allergens; Hypersensitivity. |
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SKIN ALLERGY IN CHILDRENALERGIA CUTÂNEA EM CRIANÇASAs with adults, the history and localization of the dermatitis are crucial for the diagnosis of allergic contact dermatitis, certain contactants and/or habits that are characteristic for the child/adolescent may be responsible for unu- sual clinical presentations. The most important allergens in children are metals, such as chromium (in shoes) and nickel (sometimes associated with cobalt or palladium, the latter also giving rise to contact granulomas), particularly in girls, due to the popularity of cheap jewellery. More recently, other sources, like cell phones, emerged among young adults. Other allergens identified are ingredients of topical pharmaceutical products, particularly antiseptic agents; mercury and its derivatives are still used in some countries, but allergic reactions, even in young children, are most often not cli- nically relevant. Cosmetics, particularly skin care products and wipes, may give rise to sensitization to fragrance compo- nents or preservative agents. Rubber derivatives, often responsible for shoe or diaper dermatitis, resins, and plants may also be among the sensitization sources involved. Moreover, certain occupational allergens (e.g., those associated with hairdressing, construction, and metalworking) are found in adolescents. Changing regulations concerning the presence of allergens in common products, the incidence of contact allergy in children might decrease in the future (e.g. nickel in jewellery and mobile phones and hair dyes in children below the age of 16 years). The use of p-phenylenediamine in temporary henna tattoos still remains a problem. Patch testing in children is safe; most authors consider that irritant reactions are not frequently observed (except in atopics, particularly with metals) and the same patch test concentra- tions as in adults can be used. However, the possibility of false-positive and false-negative reactions has to be consi- dered and, if there is doubt about irritancy, lower patch test concentrations should also be tested. Due to reduced test surface area, diminished environmental exposure to certain allergens and particularly hypermobility of young children, testing with an abbreviated standard series is recommended by some, although others warn that many reactions may thus be missed. Anyway, it is important to take into account the history and clinical picture and to always add possible other allergens and personal products used.KEYWORDS – Dermatitis; Allergic Contact; Child; Allergens; Hypersensitivity.No diagnóstico de dermatite de contacto alérgica é fundamental, tal como nos adultos, a história e loca- lização das lesões, mas alguns produtos e/ou hábitos característicos das crianças e adolescentes podem ser respon- sáveis por quadros clínicos pouco usuais. Os alergenos mais importantes na criança são os metais, como o crómio (calçado) e o níquel (por vezes associado ao cobalto ou paládio; este último também responsável por reacções gra- nulomatosas de contacto), sobretudo nas jovens, dada a popularidade dos adornos baratos. Recentemente, surgiram entre os jovens outras fontes de sensibilização, como os telemóveis. Outros potenciais alergenos são os ingredientes de produtos tópicos, sobretudo antissépticos; o mercúrio e derivados ainda são utilizados nalguns países, mas as re- acções alérgicas, mesmo em crianças pequenas, não são em geral clinicamente relevantes. Cosméticos, em particular de limpeza cutânea, podem originar sensibilização a componentes das fragrâncias ou conservantes. Derivados da borracha, muitas vezes responsáveis por dermatite ao calçado ou às fraldas, resinas e plantas também podem ser fonte de sensibilização. Adicionalmente, alguns alergenos ocupacionais (p. ex, cabeleireiras, construção civil e me- talúrgicos) também ocorrem em adolescentes. A alteração da legislação, referente à presença de alergenos em pro- dutos comuns, pode levar à redução da incidência de alergia de contacto em crianças (p. ex, ao níquel nos adornos e telemóveis e às tintas capilares em menores de 16 anos). O uso de p-fenilenodiamina nas tatuagens temporárias de henna continua a ser um problema. As provas epicutâneas em crianças são seguras; a maioria dos autores con- sideram as reacções irritativas pouco frequentes (excepto em atópicos, em particular a metais) e podem utilizar-se as mesmas concentrações que no adulto. No entanto, não se pode excluir a possibilidade de reacções falso+ ou falso- e, na suspeita de potencial irritativo, devem também testar-se concentrações inferiores. Dada a reduzida área cutânea para testes, a menor exposição ambiental a alguns alergenos e a hipermobilidade das crianças pequenas, alguns autores recomendam utilizar séries standard reduzidas, embora outros alertem para o risco de se ignorarem muitas reacções. De qualquer modo, é importante ter em conta a história e o quadro clínico e testar, sempre que necessário, outros possíveis alergenos e produtos pessoais.PALAVRAS-CHAVE – Dermatite; Alergia de Contacto; Criança; Alergenos; Hipersensibilidade.Sociedade Portuguesa de Dermatologia e Venereologia2011-09-28T00:00:00Zjournal articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionapplication/pdfhttps://doi.org/10.29021/spdv.69.3.73oai:ojs.revista.spdv.com.pt:article/73Journal of the Portuguese Society of Dermatology and Venereology; Vol 69 No 3 (2011): Julho - Setembro; 377Revista da Sociedade Portuguesa de Dermatologia e Venereologia; v. 69 n. 3 (2011): Julho - Setembro; 3772182-24092182-2395reponame:Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos)instname:Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informaçãoinstacron:RCAAPenghttps://revista.spdv.com.pt/index.php/spdv/article/view/73https://doi.org/10.29021/spdv.69.3.73https://revista.spdv.com.pt/index.php/spdv/article/view/73/71Goossens, Aninfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess2022-10-06T12:34:39Zoai:ojs.revista.spdv.com.pt:article/73Portal AgregadorONGhttps://www.rcaap.pt/oai/openaireopendoar:71602024-03-19T16:10:40.208325Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) - Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informaçãofalse |
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
SKIN ALLERGY IN CHILDREN ALERGIA CUTÂNEA EM CRIANÇAS |
title |
SKIN ALLERGY IN CHILDREN |
spellingShingle |
SKIN ALLERGY IN CHILDREN Goossens, An |
title_short |
SKIN ALLERGY IN CHILDREN |
title_full |
SKIN ALLERGY IN CHILDREN |
title_fullStr |
SKIN ALLERGY IN CHILDREN |
title_full_unstemmed |
SKIN ALLERGY IN CHILDREN |
title_sort |
SKIN ALLERGY IN CHILDREN |
author |
Goossens, An |
author_facet |
Goossens, An |
author_role |
author |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Goossens, An |
description |
As with adults, the history and localization of the dermatitis are crucial for the diagnosis of allergic contact dermatitis, certain contactants and/or habits that are characteristic for the child/adolescent may be responsible for unu- sual clinical presentations. The most important allergens in children are metals, such as chromium (in shoes) and nickel (sometimes associated with cobalt or palladium, the latter also giving rise to contact granulomas), particularly in girls, due to the popularity of cheap jewellery. More recently, other sources, like cell phones, emerged among young adults. Other allergens identified are ingredients of topical pharmaceutical products, particularly antiseptic agents; mercury and its derivatives are still used in some countries, but allergic reactions, even in young children, are most often not cli- nically relevant. Cosmetics, particularly skin care products and wipes, may give rise to sensitization to fragrance compo- nents or preservative agents. Rubber derivatives, often responsible for shoe or diaper dermatitis, resins, and plants may also be among the sensitization sources involved. Moreover, certain occupational allergens (e.g., those associated with hairdressing, construction, and metalworking) are found in adolescents. Changing regulations concerning the presence of allergens in common products, the incidence of contact allergy in children might decrease in the future (e.g. nickel in jewellery and mobile phones and hair dyes in children below the age of 16 years). The use of p-phenylenediamine in temporary henna tattoos still remains a problem. Patch testing in children is safe; most authors consider that irritant reactions are not frequently observed (except in atopics, particularly with metals) and the same patch test concentra- tions as in adults can be used. However, the possibility of false-positive and false-negative reactions has to be consi- dered and, if there is doubt about irritancy, lower patch test concentrations should also be tested. Due to reduced test surface area, diminished environmental exposure to certain allergens and particularly hypermobility of young children, testing with an abbreviated standard series is recommended by some, although others warn that many reactions may thus be missed. Anyway, it is important to take into account the history and clinical picture and to always add possible other allergens and personal products used.KEYWORDS – Dermatitis; Allergic Contact; Child; Allergens; Hypersensitivity. |
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2011 |
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2011-09-28T00:00:00Z |
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journal article info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
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article |
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https://doi.org/10.29021/spdv.69.3.73 oai:ojs.revista.spdv.com.pt:article/73 |
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https://doi.org/10.29021/spdv.69.3.73 |
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eng |
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https://revista.spdv.com.pt/index.php/spdv/article/view/73 https://doi.org/10.29021/spdv.69.3.73 https://revista.spdv.com.pt/index.php/spdv/article/view/73/71 |
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Sociedade Portuguesa de Dermatologia e Venereologia |
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Sociedade Portuguesa de Dermatologia e Venereologia |
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Journal of the Portuguese Society of Dermatology and Venereology; Vol 69 No 3 (2011): Julho - Setembro; 377 Revista da Sociedade Portuguesa de Dermatologia e Venereologia; v. 69 n. 3 (2011): Julho - Setembro; 377 2182-2409 2182-2395 reponame:Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) instname:Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informação instacron:RCAAP |
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Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informação |
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Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) |
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Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) |
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Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) - Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informação |
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