O papel das cooperativas na construção de habitação no Porto entre 1933 e 1956

• Autor(a) principal: Vera Márcia dos Santos e Silva
• Data de Publicação: 2011
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos)
• Texto Completo: https://hdl.handle.net/10216/150088
• topic: Artes; Arts

This study concerns the cooperative intervention as an alternative to public housing promotion in Porto during the first decades of the New State. The development of this research was supported by the universe of housing projects carried out by cooperatives and licensed by the City Council of Porto between 1933 and 1956, date of the ratification of the City Improvement Plan. The processing of this information resulted in the organization of a computer database, in which all the registered projects were cataloged through the systematization of procedures and the distinction of the main forms of cooperative action in the city. The analysis of gathered evidence clarified, in first place, the existing dichotomies between the cooperative and the public promotions of housing in Porto, in a context of serious deficiencies of social housing, allowing the distinction of urban models used in the construction and completion of the city, the identification of the develop typologies of housing and the distinction of the architects/authors directly involved in the architectural production. The exhaustive survey of all the licensed work (individual buildings, groups and neighborhoods) also resulted in the construction of the foundations of cooperative social architecture in the first half of the 20th century through the identification of three levels of intervention: dispersed construction, in band and concentrated. In each of this levels stood out, respectively, some questions concerned the social and ideological context of the New State, namely the advantages of single-family housing and certain types of architectural design, the importance of mobility and the option for building sequences in the same street with emphasis on some group projects and the construction of residential neighborhoods based on modulation of constructive elements to obtain the necessary economy. However, in practice, this cooperative system was not, during the first decades of the New State, an effective response to the housing problem of the lower classes of the population.