Viuus per ora uirum, but also per faciles buxos: surviving the deluge of oblivion, according to Martial
Autor(a) principal: | |
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Data de Publicação: | 2020 |
Tipo de documento: | Artigo |
Idioma: | por |
Título da fonte: | Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) |
Texto Completo: | https://doi.org/10.34624/fb.v0i16.25203 |
Resumo: | Famous for the satirical portrayal of Flavian Rome, Martial’s Epigrams also reveal the painful and tragic fragility of human beings. Inbellis praeda (13, 94, 2) at the mercy of ferocious social injustice, accidents, crimes and diseases, mankind is still the object of the inuidia of the gods, personified by the iniqua Lachesis (10,53, 3), who reaches even the sons of the immortals (9, 86, 4 and 6). The inexorability of death and the obliteration of both the physical presence of the individual and his memory among the living was a hot topic in these unstable and violent times, resulting in the proliferation of mystery cults promising salvation. The perspectives on the Beyond and the immortality of the soul were varied, mixing popular religious traditions with literary elaborations, informed by antithetical philosophical schools, as with Virgil, Cicero, and Seneca – authors alluded to by Martial with admiration –, Lucretius or Pliny the Elder. The poet of Bilbilis believes in a traditional Beyond: even though it includes Elysias domos (1, 94, 2), the dread of the nigras umbras and the hideous Cerberus predominates (5, 34, 3). Remembering the dead and mitigating the uulnus of the living, more painful in the deaths of young children, were imperatives fulfilled through several monimenta doloris. Certain of the destructive effect of the “deluge” of time, not only on fragile objects such as paintings, but even on stone monuments, Martial repeatedly emphasizes the immortality of his verses, as Ennius had already done with his uiuus per ora uirum; but suggests a second “Ark” of the soul and memory, consoling especially for humble figures like the young slave: a fusion with nature, through the plants born near the grave, symbols of the perpetual return – per faciles buxos (1,88, 5). Thus, he seems to evoke the numerous metamorphoses in plants, such as the hyacinth or the cypress,of humans that the gods intended to maintain in some way alive. |
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Viuus per ora uirum, but also per faciles buxos: surviving the deluge of oblivion, according to MartialViuus per ora uirum, mas também per faciles buxos: sobreviver ao dilúvio do esquecimento segundo MarcialFamous for the satirical portrayal of Flavian Rome, Martial’s Epigrams also reveal the painful and tragic fragility of human beings. Inbellis praeda (13, 94, 2) at the mercy of ferocious social injustice, accidents, crimes and diseases, mankind is still the object of the inuidia of the gods, personified by the iniqua Lachesis (10,53, 3), who reaches even the sons of the immortals (9, 86, 4 and 6). The inexorability of death and the obliteration of both the physical presence of the individual and his memory among the living was a hot topic in these unstable and violent times, resulting in the proliferation of mystery cults promising salvation. The perspectives on the Beyond and the immortality of the soul were varied, mixing popular religious traditions with literary elaborations, informed by antithetical philosophical schools, as with Virgil, Cicero, and Seneca – authors alluded to by Martial with admiration –, Lucretius or Pliny the Elder. The poet of Bilbilis believes in a traditional Beyond: even though it includes Elysias domos (1, 94, 2), the dread of the nigras umbras and the hideous Cerberus predominates (5, 34, 3). Remembering the dead and mitigating the uulnus of the living, more painful in the deaths of young children, were imperatives fulfilled through several monimenta doloris. Certain of the destructive effect of the “deluge” of time, not only on fragile objects such as paintings, but even on stone monuments, Martial repeatedly emphasizes the immortality of his verses, as Ennius had already done with his uiuus per ora uirum; but suggests a second “Ark” of the soul and memory, consoling especially for humble figures like the young slave: a fusion with nature, through the plants born near the grave, symbols of the perpetual return – per faciles buxos (1,88, 5). Thus, he seems to evoke the numerous metamorphoses in plants, such as the hyacinth or the cypress,of humans that the gods intended to maintain in some way alive.Célebres pelo retrato satírico da Roma flaviana, os Epigramas de Marcial evidenciam também a dolorosa e trágica fragilidade dos seres humanos. Inbellis praeda (13, 94, 2) à mercê da feroz injustiça social, de acidentes, crimes e doenças, a humanidade é ainda alvo da inuidia dos deuses, personificada pela iniqua Láquesis (10, 53, 3), que alcança até os filhos dos imortais (9,86, 4 e 6). A inexorabilidade da morte e a obliteração quer da presença física do indivíduo, quer da sua memória entre os vivos, eram temas candentes nesses tempos instáveis e violentos, resultando na proliferação de cultos mistéricos que prometiam a salvação. As perspectivas sobre o Além e a imortalidade da alma eram variadas, mesclando tradições religiosas populares com elaborações literárias, informadas por escolas filosóficas antitéticas, como ocorre com Virgílio, Cícero e Séneca – autores mencionados com admiração por Marcial –, Lucrécio ou Plínio, o Velho. O poeta de Bílbilis acredita num Além tradicional: ainda que inclua Elysias domos (1, 94, 2), predomina o pavor das nigras umbras e do medonho Cérbero (5, 34, 3). Recordar os mortos e mitigar o uulnus dos vivos, ferida mais dolorosa nas mortes de jovens, eram imperativos cumpridos através de diversos monimenta doloris. Certo do efeito destruidor do “dilúvio” do tempo não apenas sobre objectos frágeis como as pinturas, mas até sobre monumentos de pedra, Marcial sublinha repetidamente o papel imortalizador dos seus versos, como já Énio fizera com o seu uiuus per ora uirum; mas sugere uma segunda “Arca” da alma e da memória, consoladora sobretudo para figuras humildes como o jovem escravo Álcimo: uma fusão com a natureza, através das plantas nascidas junto ao sepulcro, símbolos do perpétuo retorno – per faciles buxos (1,88, 5). Assim, parece evocar as numerosas metamorfoses em plantas, como o jacinto ou o cipreste, de humanos que os deuses pretendiam manter de algum modo vivos.UA Editora - Universidade de Aveiro2020-06-29info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/articleapplication/pdfhttps://doi.org/10.34624/fb.v0i16.25203https://doi.org/10.34624/fb.v0i16.25203Forma Breve; No 16 (2020): Arca de Noé: Catástrofe e Redenção; 199-210Forma Breve; n.º 16 (2020): Arca de Noé: Catástrofe e Redenção; 199-2102183-47091645-927Xreponame:Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos)instname:Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informaçãoinstacron:RCAAPporhttps://proa.ua.pt/index.php/formabreve/article/view/25203https://proa.ua.pt/index.php/formabreve/article/view/25203/17939http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessLopes, Maria José Ferreira2023-11-30T18:45:31Zoai:proa.ua.pt:article/25203Portal AgregadorONGhttps://www.rcaap.pt/oai/openaireopendoar:71602024-03-19T16:03:14.722946Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) - Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informaçãofalse |
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
Viuus per ora uirum, but also per faciles buxos: surviving the deluge of oblivion, according to Martial Viuus per ora uirum, mas também per faciles buxos: sobreviver ao dilúvio do esquecimento segundo Marcial |
title |
Viuus per ora uirum, but also per faciles buxos: surviving the deluge of oblivion, according to Martial |
spellingShingle |
Viuus per ora uirum, but also per faciles buxos: surviving the deluge of oblivion, according to Martial Lopes, Maria José Ferreira |
title_short |
Viuus per ora uirum, but also per faciles buxos: surviving the deluge of oblivion, according to Martial |
title_full |
Viuus per ora uirum, but also per faciles buxos: surviving the deluge of oblivion, according to Martial |
title_fullStr |
Viuus per ora uirum, but also per faciles buxos: surviving the deluge of oblivion, according to Martial |
title_full_unstemmed |
Viuus per ora uirum, but also per faciles buxos: surviving the deluge of oblivion, according to Martial |
title_sort |
Viuus per ora uirum, but also per faciles buxos: surviving the deluge of oblivion, according to Martial |
author |
Lopes, Maria José Ferreira |
author_facet |
Lopes, Maria José Ferreira |
author_role |
author |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Lopes, Maria José Ferreira |
description |
Famous for the satirical portrayal of Flavian Rome, Martial’s Epigrams also reveal the painful and tragic fragility of human beings. Inbellis praeda (13, 94, 2) at the mercy of ferocious social injustice, accidents, crimes and diseases, mankind is still the object of the inuidia of the gods, personified by the iniqua Lachesis (10,53, 3), who reaches even the sons of the immortals (9, 86, 4 and 6). The inexorability of death and the obliteration of both the physical presence of the individual and his memory among the living was a hot topic in these unstable and violent times, resulting in the proliferation of mystery cults promising salvation. The perspectives on the Beyond and the immortality of the soul were varied, mixing popular religious traditions with literary elaborations, informed by antithetical philosophical schools, as with Virgil, Cicero, and Seneca – authors alluded to by Martial with admiration –, Lucretius or Pliny the Elder. The poet of Bilbilis believes in a traditional Beyond: even though it includes Elysias domos (1, 94, 2), the dread of the nigras umbras and the hideous Cerberus predominates (5, 34, 3). Remembering the dead and mitigating the uulnus of the living, more painful in the deaths of young children, were imperatives fulfilled through several monimenta doloris. Certain of the destructive effect of the “deluge” of time, not only on fragile objects such as paintings, but even on stone monuments, Martial repeatedly emphasizes the immortality of his verses, as Ennius had already done with his uiuus per ora uirum; but suggests a second “Ark” of the soul and memory, consoling especially for humble figures like the young slave: a fusion with nature, through the plants born near the grave, symbols of the perpetual return – per faciles buxos (1,88, 5). Thus, he seems to evoke the numerous metamorphoses in plants, such as the hyacinth or the cypress,of humans that the gods intended to maintain in some way alive. |
publishDate |
2020 |
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2020-06-29 |
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info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
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info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
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article |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
https://doi.org/10.34624/fb.v0i16.25203 https://doi.org/10.34624/fb.v0i16.25203 |
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https://doi.org/10.34624/fb.v0i16.25203 |
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por |
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por |
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv |
https://proa.ua.pt/index.php/formabreve/article/view/25203 https://proa.ua.pt/index.php/formabreve/article/view/25203/17939 |
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http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
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http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 |
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openAccess |
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application/pdf |
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
UA Editora - Universidade de Aveiro |
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UA Editora - Universidade de Aveiro |
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv |
Forma Breve; No 16 (2020): Arca de Noé: Catástrofe e Redenção; 199-210 Forma Breve; n.º 16 (2020): Arca de Noé: Catástrofe e Redenção; 199-210 2183-4709 1645-927X reponame:Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) instname:Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informação instacron:RCAAP |
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Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informação |
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RCAAP |
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RCAAP |
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Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) |
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Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) |
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Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) - Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informação |
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