The hallucinogenic world of tryptamines: an updated review

Detalhes bibliográficos
Autor(a) principal: Araújo, Ana Margarida
Data de Publicação: 2015
Outros Autores: Carvalho, Félix, Bastos, Maria de Lourdes, Guedes de Pinho, Paula, Carvalho, Márcia
Tipo de documento: Artigo
Idioma: eng
Título da fonte: Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos)
Texto Completo: http://hdl.handle.net/10284/9983
Resumo: In the area of psychotropic drugs, tryptamines are known to be a broad class of classical or serotonergic hallucinogens. These drugs are capable of producing profound changes in sensory perception, mood and thought in humans and act primarily as agonists of the 5-HT2A receptor. Well-known tryptamines such as psilocybin contained in Aztec sacred mushrooms and N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT), present in South American psychoactive beverage ayahuasca, have been restrictedly used since ancient times in sociocultural and ritual contexts. However, with the discovery of hallucinogenic properties of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) in mid-1900s, tryptamines began to be used recreationally among young people. More recently, new synthetically produced tryptamine hallucinogens, such as alpha-methyltryptamine (AMT), 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT) and 5-methoxy-N,N-diisopropyltryptamine (5-MeO-DIPT), emerged in the recreational drug market, which have been claimed as the next-generation designer drugs to replace LSD ('legal' alternatives to LSD). Tryptamine derivatives are widely accessible over the Internet through companies selling them as 'research chemicals', but can also be sold in 'headshops' and street dealers. Reports of intoxication and deaths related to the use of new tryptamines have been described over the last years, raising international concern over tryptamines. However, the lack of literature pertaining to pharmacological and toxicological properties of new tryptamine hallucinogens hampers the assessment of their actual potential harm to general public health. This review provides a comprehensive update on tryptamine hallucinogens, concerning their historical background, prevalence, patterns of use and legal status, chemistry, toxicokinetics, toxicodynamics and their physiological and toxicological effects on animals and humans.
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spelling The hallucinogenic world of tryptamines: an updated reviewTryptaminesHallucinogens5-HT2A receptorToxicokineticsToxicodynamicsToxicityIn the area of psychotropic drugs, tryptamines are known to be a broad class of classical or serotonergic hallucinogens. These drugs are capable of producing profound changes in sensory perception, mood and thought in humans and act primarily as agonists of the 5-HT2A receptor. Well-known tryptamines such as psilocybin contained in Aztec sacred mushrooms and N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT), present in South American psychoactive beverage ayahuasca, have been restrictedly used since ancient times in sociocultural and ritual contexts. However, with the discovery of hallucinogenic properties of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) in mid-1900s, tryptamines began to be used recreationally among young people. More recently, new synthetically produced tryptamine hallucinogens, such as alpha-methyltryptamine (AMT), 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT) and 5-methoxy-N,N-diisopropyltryptamine (5-MeO-DIPT), emerged in the recreational drug market, which have been claimed as the next-generation designer drugs to replace LSD ('legal' alternatives to LSD). Tryptamine derivatives are widely accessible over the Internet through companies selling them as 'research chemicals', but can also be sold in 'headshops' and street dealers. Reports of intoxication and deaths related to the use of new tryptamines have been described over the last years, raising international concern over tryptamines. However, the lack of literature pertaining to pharmacological and toxicological properties of new tryptamine hallucinogens hampers the assessment of their actual potential harm to general public health. This review provides a comprehensive update on tryptamine hallucinogens, concerning their historical background, prevalence, patterns of use and legal status, chemistry, toxicokinetics, toxicodynamics and their physiological and toxicological effects on animals and humans.SpringerRepositório Institucional da Universidade Fernando PessoaAraújo, Ana MargaridaCarvalho, FélixBastos, Maria de LourdesGuedes de Pinho, PaulaCarvalho, Márcia2021-06-30T11:27:06Z2015-01-01T00:00:00Z2015-01-01T00:00:00Zinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/articleapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/10284/9983eng0340-576110.1007/s00204-015-1513-x1432-0738metadata only accessinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessreponame:Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos)instname:Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informaçãoinstacron:RCAAP2022-09-06T02:09:16Zoai:bdigital.ufp.pt:10284/9983Portal AgregadorONGhttps://www.rcaap.pt/oai/openaireopendoar:71602024-03-19T15:46:45.803448Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) - Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informaçãofalse
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv The hallucinogenic world of tryptamines: an updated review
title The hallucinogenic world of tryptamines: an updated review
spellingShingle The hallucinogenic world of tryptamines: an updated review
Araújo, Ana Margarida
Tryptamines
Hallucinogens
5-HT2A receptor
Toxicokinetics
Toxicodynamics
Toxicity
title_short The hallucinogenic world of tryptamines: an updated review
title_full The hallucinogenic world of tryptamines: an updated review
title_fullStr The hallucinogenic world of tryptamines: an updated review
title_full_unstemmed The hallucinogenic world of tryptamines: an updated review
title_sort The hallucinogenic world of tryptamines: an updated review
author Araújo, Ana Margarida
author_facet Araújo, Ana Margarida
Carvalho, Félix
Bastos, Maria de Lourdes
Guedes de Pinho, Paula
Carvalho, Márcia
author_role author
author2 Carvalho, Félix
Bastos, Maria de Lourdes
Guedes de Pinho, Paula
Carvalho, Márcia
author2_role author
author
author
author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv Repositório Institucional da Universidade Fernando Pessoa
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv Araújo, Ana Margarida
Carvalho, Félix
Bastos, Maria de Lourdes
Guedes de Pinho, Paula
Carvalho, Márcia
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv Tryptamines
Hallucinogens
5-HT2A receptor
Toxicokinetics
Toxicodynamics
Toxicity
topic Tryptamines
Hallucinogens
5-HT2A receptor
Toxicokinetics
Toxicodynamics
Toxicity
description In the area of psychotropic drugs, tryptamines are known to be a broad class of classical or serotonergic hallucinogens. These drugs are capable of producing profound changes in sensory perception, mood and thought in humans and act primarily as agonists of the 5-HT2A receptor. Well-known tryptamines such as psilocybin contained in Aztec sacred mushrooms and N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT), present in South American psychoactive beverage ayahuasca, have been restrictedly used since ancient times in sociocultural and ritual contexts. However, with the discovery of hallucinogenic properties of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) in mid-1900s, tryptamines began to be used recreationally among young people. More recently, new synthetically produced tryptamine hallucinogens, such as alpha-methyltryptamine (AMT), 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT) and 5-methoxy-N,N-diisopropyltryptamine (5-MeO-DIPT), emerged in the recreational drug market, which have been claimed as the next-generation designer drugs to replace LSD ('legal' alternatives to LSD). Tryptamine derivatives are widely accessible over the Internet through companies selling them as 'research chemicals', but can also be sold in 'headshops' and street dealers. Reports of intoxication and deaths related to the use of new tryptamines have been described over the last years, raising international concern over tryptamines. However, the lack of literature pertaining to pharmacological and toxicological properties of new tryptamine hallucinogens hampers the assessment of their actual potential harm to general public health. This review provides a comprehensive update on tryptamine hallucinogens, concerning their historical background, prevalence, patterns of use and legal status, chemistry, toxicokinetics, toxicodynamics and their physiological and toxicological effects on animals and humans.
publishDate 2015
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z
2015-01-01T00:00:00Z
2021-06-30T11:27:06Z
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10.1007/s00204-015-1513-x
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