Risk and protective factors, stressors, and symptoms of adjustment disorder during the COVID-19 pandemic - First results of the ESTSS COVID-19 pan-European ADJUST study
Autor(a) principal: | |
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Data de Publicação: | 2021 |
Outros Autores: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
Tipo de documento: | Artigo |
Idioma: | eng |
Título da fonte: | Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) |
Texto Completo: | http://hdl.handle.net/10316/103892 https://doi.org/10.1080/20008198.2021.1964197 |
Resumo: | Background: The COVID-19 pandemic exposes individuals to multiple stressors, such as quarantine, physical distancing, job loss, risk of infection, and loss of loved ones. Such a complex array of stressors potentially lead to symptoms of adjustment disorder. Objective: This cross-sectional exploratory study examined relationships between risk and protective factors, stressors, and symptoms of adjustment disorder during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Data from the first wave of the European Society of Traumatic Stress Studies (ESTSS) longitudinal ADJUST Study were used. N = 15,563 participants aged 18 years and above were recruited in eleven countries (Austria, Croatia, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Italy, Lithuania, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, and Sweden) from June to November 2020. Associations between risk and protective factors (e.g. gender, diagnosis of a mental health disorder), stressors (e.g. fear of infection, restricted face-to-face contact), and symptoms of adjustment disorder (ADNM-8) were examined using multivariate linear regression. Results: The prevalence of self-reported probable adjustment disorder was 18.2%. Risk factors associated with higher levels of symptoms of adjustment disorder were female gender, older age, being at risk for severe COVID-19 illness, poorer general health status, current or previous trauma exposure, a current or previous mental health disorder, and longer exposure to 19 news. Protective factors related to lower levels of symptoms of adjustment disorder were higher income, being retired, and having more face-to-face contact with loved ones or friends. Pandemic-related stressors associated with higher levels of symptoms of adjustment disorder included fear of infection, governmental crisis management, restricted social contact, work- related problems, restricted activity, and difficult housing conditions. Conclusions: We identified stressors, risk, and protective factors that may help identify individuals at higher risk for adjustment disorder. |
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Risk and protective factors, stressors, and symptoms of adjustment disorder during the COVID-19 pandemic - First results of the ESTSS COVID-19 pan-European ADJUST studyFactores de riesgo y de protección, factores estresantes, y síntomas del trastorno de adaptación durante la pandemia de COVID-19: Primeros resultados del estudio paneuropeo de COVID-19 ADJUST de la ESTSSCOVID-19pandemicdisastercoronavirusadjustment disordermental healthstressorsstressrelated disordersposttraumatic stressrisk factorsprotective factorsCOVID-19pandemiadesastrecoronavirustrastorno de adaptaciónsalud mentalfactores estresantestrastornos relacionados con el estrésestréspostraumáticofactores de riesgofactores protectoresAdjustment DisordersAdultAgedAged, 80 and overCOVID-19Cross-Sectional StudiesEuropeFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedPandemicsProtective FactorsPsychological TraumaQuarantineRisk FactorsSARS-CoV-2Surveys and QuestionnairesBackground: The COVID-19 pandemic exposes individuals to multiple stressors, such as quarantine, physical distancing, job loss, risk of infection, and loss of loved ones. Such a complex array of stressors potentially lead to symptoms of adjustment disorder. Objective: This cross-sectional exploratory study examined relationships between risk and protective factors, stressors, and symptoms of adjustment disorder during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Data from the first wave of the European Society of Traumatic Stress Studies (ESTSS) longitudinal ADJUST Study were used. N = 15,563 participants aged 18 years and above were recruited in eleven countries (Austria, Croatia, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Italy, Lithuania, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, and Sweden) from June to November 2020. Associations between risk and protective factors (e.g. gender, diagnosis of a mental health disorder), stressors (e.g. fear of infection, restricted face-to-face contact), and symptoms of adjustment disorder (ADNM-8) were examined using multivariate linear regression. Results: The prevalence of self-reported probable adjustment disorder was 18.2%. Risk factors associated with higher levels of symptoms of adjustment disorder were female gender, older age, being at risk for severe COVID-19 illness, poorer general health status, current or previous trauma exposure, a current or previous mental health disorder, and longer exposure to 19 news. Protective factors related to lower levels of symptoms of adjustment disorder were higher income, being retired, and having more face-to-face contact with loved ones or friends. Pandemic-related stressors associated with higher levels of symptoms of adjustment disorder included fear of infection, governmental crisis management, restricted social contact, work- related problems, restricted activity, and difficult housing conditions. Conclusions: We identified stressors, risk, and protective factors that may help identify individuals at higher risk for adjustment disorder.Taylor & Francis2021info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://hdl.handle.net/10316/103892http://hdl.handle.net/10316/103892https://doi.org/10.1080/20008198.2021.1964197eng2000-8066Lotzin, AnnettKrause, LindaAcquarini, ElenaAjdukovic, DeanArdino, VittoriaArnberg, FilipBöttche, MariaBragesjö, MariaDragan, MałgorzataFigueiredo-Braga, MargaridaGelezelyte, OdetaGrajewski, PiotrAnastassiou-Hadjicharalambous, XeniaJavakhishvili, Jana DarejanKazlauskas, EvaldasLenferink, LonnekeLioupi, ChrysanthiLueger-Schuster, BrigitteTsiskarishvili, LelaMooren, TrudySales, LuísaStevanovic, AleksandraZrnic, IrinaSchäfer, IngoAdjust Study Consortium, nullinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessreponame:Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos)instname:Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informaçãoinstacron:RCAAP2022-12-07T21:37:16Zoai:estudogeral.uc.pt:10316/103892Portal AgregadorONGhttps://www.rcaap.pt/oai/openaireopendoar:71602024-03-19T21:20:39.438842Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) - Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informaçãofalse |
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
Risk and protective factors, stressors, and symptoms of adjustment disorder during the COVID-19 pandemic - First results of the ESTSS COVID-19 pan-European ADJUST study Factores de riesgo y de protección, factores estresantes, y síntomas del trastorno de adaptación durante la pandemia de COVID-19: Primeros resultados del estudio paneuropeo de COVID-19 ADJUST de la ESTSS |
title |
Risk and protective factors, stressors, and symptoms of adjustment disorder during the COVID-19 pandemic - First results of the ESTSS COVID-19 pan-European ADJUST study |
spellingShingle |
Risk and protective factors, stressors, and symptoms of adjustment disorder during the COVID-19 pandemic - First results of the ESTSS COVID-19 pan-European ADJUST study Lotzin, Annett COVID-19 pandemic disaster coronavirus adjustment disorder mental health stressors stressrelated disorders posttraumatic stress risk factors protective factors COVID-19 pandemia desastre coronavirus trastorno de adaptación salud mental factores estresantes trastornos relacionados con el estrés estréspostraumático factores de riesgo factores protectores Adjustment Disorders Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over COVID-19 Cross-Sectional Studies Europe Female Humans Male Middle Aged Pandemics Protective Factors Psychological Trauma Quarantine Risk Factors SARS-CoV-2 Surveys and Questionnaires |
title_short |
Risk and protective factors, stressors, and symptoms of adjustment disorder during the COVID-19 pandemic - First results of the ESTSS COVID-19 pan-European ADJUST study |
title_full |
Risk and protective factors, stressors, and symptoms of adjustment disorder during the COVID-19 pandemic - First results of the ESTSS COVID-19 pan-European ADJUST study |
title_fullStr |
Risk and protective factors, stressors, and symptoms of adjustment disorder during the COVID-19 pandemic - First results of the ESTSS COVID-19 pan-European ADJUST study |
title_full_unstemmed |
Risk and protective factors, stressors, and symptoms of adjustment disorder during the COVID-19 pandemic - First results of the ESTSS COVID-19 pan-European ADJUST study |
title_sort |
Risk and protective factors, stressors, and symptoms of adjustment disorder during the COVID-19 pandemic - First results of the ESTSS COVID-19 pan-European ADJUST study |
author |
Lotzin, Annett |
author_facet |
Lotzin, Annett Krause, Linda Acquarini, Elena Ajdukovic, Dean Ardino, Vittoria Arnberg, Filip Böttche, Maria Bragesjö, Maria Dragan, Małgorzata Figueiredo-Braga, Margarida Gelezelyte, Odeta Grajewski, Piotr Anastassiou-Hadjicharalambous, Xenia Javakhishvili, Jana Darejan Kazlauskas, Evaldas Lenferink, Lonneke Lioupi, Chrysanthi Lueger-Schuster, Brigitte Tsiskarishvili, Lela Mooren, Trudy Sales, Luísa Stevanovic, Aleksandra Zrnic, Irina Schäfer, Ingo Adjust Study Consortium, null |
author_role |
author |
author2 |
Krause, Linda Acquarini, Elena Ajdukovic, Dean Ardino, Vittoria Arnberg, Filip Böttche, Maria Bragesjö, Maria Dragan, Małgorzata Figueiredo-Braga, Margarida Gelezelyte, Odeta Grajewski, Piotr Anastassiou-Hadjicharalambous, Xenia Javakhishvili, Jana Darejan Kazlauskas, Evaldas Lenferink, Lonneke Lioupi, Chrysanthi Lueger-Schuster, Brigitte Tsiskarishvili, Lela Mooren, Trudy Sales, Luísa Stevanovic, Aleksandra Zrnic, Irina Schäfer, Ingo Adjust Study Consortium, null |
author2_role |
author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Lotzin, Annett Krause, Linda Acquarini, Elena Ajdukovic, Dean Ardino, Vittoria Arnberg, Filip Böttche, Maria Bragesjö, Maria Dragan, Małgorzata Figueiredo-Braga, Margarida Gelezelyte, Odeta Grajewski, Piotr Anastassiou-Hadjicharalambous, Xenia Javakhishvili, Jana Darejan Kazlauskas, Evaldas Lenferink, Lonneke Lioupi, Chrysanthi Lueger-Schuster, Brigitte Tsiskarishvili, Lela Mooren, Trudy Sales, Luísa Stevanovic, Aleksandra Zrnic, Irina Schäfer, Ingo Adjust Study Consortium, null |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
COVID-19 pandemic disaster coronavirus adjustment disorder mental health stressors stressrelated disorders posttraumatic stress risk factors protective factors COVID-19 pandemia desastre coronavirus trastorno de adaptación salud mental factores estresantes trastornos relacionados con el estrés estréspostraumático factores de riesgo factores protectores Adjustment Disorders Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over COVID-19 Cross-Sectional Studies Europe Female Humans Male Middle Aged Pandemics Protective Factors Psychological Trauma Quarantine Risk Factors SARS-CoV-2 Surveys and Questionnaires |
topic |
COVID-19 pandemic disaster coronavirus adjustment disorder mental health stressors stressrelated disorders posttraumatic stress risk factors protective factors COVID-19 pandemia desastre coronavirus trastorno de adaptación salud mental factores estresantes trastornos relacionados con el estrés estréspostraumático factores de riesgo factores protectores Adjustment Disorders Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over COVID-19 Cross-Sectional Studies Europe Female Humans Male Middle Aged Pandemics Protective Factors Psychological Trauma Quarantine Risk Factors SARS-CoV-2 Surveys and Questionnaires |
description |
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic exposes individuals to multiple stressors, such as quarantine, physical distancing, job loss, risk of infection, and loss of loved ones. Such a complex array of stressors potentially lead to symptoms of adjustment disorder. Objective: This cross-sectional exploratory study examined relationships between risk and protective factors, stressors, and symptoms of adjustment disorder during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Data from the first wave of the European Society of Traumatic Stress Studies (ESTSS) longitudinal ADJUST Study were used. N = 15,563 participants aged 18 years and above were recruited in eleven countries (Austria, Croatia, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Italy, Lithuania, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, and Sweden) from June to November 2020. Associations between risk and protective factors (e.g. gender, diagnosis of a mental health disorder), stressors (e.g. fear of infection, restricted face-to-face contact), and symptoms of adjustment disorder (ADNM-8) were examined using multivariate linear regression. Results: The prevalence of self-reported probable adjustment disorder was 18.2%. Risk factors associated with higher levels of symptoms of adjustment disorder were female gender, older age, being at risk for severe COVID-19 illness, poorer general health status, current or previous trauma exposure, a current or previous mental health disorder, and longer exposure to 19 news. Protective factors related to lower levels of symptoms of adjustment disorder were higher income, being retired, and having more face-to-face contact with loved ones or friends. Pandemic-related stressors associated with higher levels of symptoms of adjustment disorder included fear of infection, governmental crisis management, restricted social contact, work- related problems, restricted activity, and difficult housing conditions. Conclusions: We identified stressors, risk, and protective factors that may help identify individuals at higher risk for adjustment disorder. |
publishDate |
2021 |
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2021 |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
format |
article |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
http://hdl.handle.net/10316/103892 http://hdl.handle.net/10316/103892 https://doi.org/10.1080/20008198.2021.1964197 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/10316/103892 https://doi.org/10.1080/20008198.2021.1964197 |
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv |
eng |
language |
eng |
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv |
2000-8066 |
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Taylor & Francis |
publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Taylor & Francis |
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv |
reponame:Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) instname:Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informação instacron:RCAAP |
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Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informação |
instacron_str |
RCAAP |
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RCAAP |
reponame_str |
Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) |
collection |
Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) |
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Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) - Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informação |
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