Proteção do meio ambiente marinho

• Autor(a) principal: Mesquita, Otavio Horta
• Data de Publicação: 2020
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos)
• Texto Completo: http://hdl.handle.net/10362/111263
• topic: Poluição marítima; MARPOL; Poluição de navios; Lugar de refúgio; Convenção das Nações Unidas sobre o Direito do Mar; Preservação do meio ambiente marinho; Maritime pollution; Vessel pollution; Places of refuge; United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea; Preservation of the marine environment; Direito

The oceans represent more than 70% of the Earth's surface, have enormous biodiversity, which concentrate an immense number of species, represent a vast stock of food for human beings and contain reserves of natural and mineral resources, which are extremely useful for development of human life. The resources and wealth to be exploited can and must be exploited by States, however, they must respect international standards, in particular, the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. Through the oceans, maritime transport is also carried out, which is the most used method of transport, representing 90% of international trade. The exploration of the sea generated an economic impact that contributed to the development of the global economy, through the transport of cargo and passengers. The oceans also connect the continents, which makes this space very valuable, disputed and with great opportunities for exploration, whether for public or private purposes. It so happens that with the increase in the exploration of the oceans, consequently, the pollution levels of the marine environment have increased, which threaten the lives of marine species, destroy ecosystems and end up impacting the health of humans. Taking into account that a large part of the populations is found in coastal regions, which use the sea, it is inevitable that for the well-being of these populations it is necessary that the marine environment is preserved and protected. It is a common good of all humanity, since all oceans are connected, and through sea currents and winds, debris and other waste can be taken to the other side of the world. With industrial and technological development, vessels have also evolved in the size and amount of cargo that can be transported. Thus, when a maritime accident involving, for example, a supertanker, the environmental damage caused is enormous and may result in irrecoverable damage.Given these circumstances, it was necessary to update international standards that regulate the preservation and protection of the marine environment. At the beginning of the 20th century, there were no major concerns about maritime pollution, it was believed in the absorption capacity of the oceans, however over the years it has been verified that this capacity is limited. Therefore, the adoption of international treaties was fundamental to establish parameters and to boost these norms in the domestic legislation of the States. The Conventions deal with different aspects of the law of the sea and the maritime sector, but all with the same objective of preserving and protecting the oceans.