Antimicrobial effect of polymeric biomaterials for bone infection treatment

• Autor(a) principal: Ferreira, Magda Sofia Catroga
• Data de Publicação: 2016
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: eng
• Título da fonte: Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos)
• Texto Completo: http://hdl.handle.net/10362/19540
• topic: Bone infection; Bone cement; Microparticles; Levofloxacin; Staphylococcus aureus; Intracellular infection; Domínio/Área Científica::Engenharia e Tecnologia::Engenharia Química

Bone infection, mainly caused by Staphylococcus aureus, is a public health concern. Treatment is challenging due to multi-resistant strains, and S. aureus ability to adhere and form biofilm on bone and implant surfaces, as well as to invade and persist in osteoblast cells. The present work consisted in the preparation and evaluation of novel acrylic polymeric systems that provide local and controlled antibiotic delivery for the treatment of bone infection, namely levofloxacin-loaded acrylic bone cement (BC), and vancomycin or daptomycin-loaded acrylic microparticles (MP). Properties of both delivery systems with high impact on clinical performance were tested. Namely, contact angle and surface energy were determined in BC matrices and encapsulation efficiency in MP formulations. Release studies of levofloxacin-loaded BC matrices were also conducted. Also, the anti-biofilm activity of these systems was evaluated against S. aureus strains. Furthermore, BC and MP formulations were tested concerning the antibacterial intracellular activity using a human osteoblast infection model. Overall, both BC formulations’ surface characteristics and MP encapsulation efficiency were in agreement with previously published data. The release studies of levofloxacin from BC matrices showed that the drug release is size- and incubation medium-dependent. All BC matrices loaded with levofloxacin concentrations of 1.5 % or higher exhibited anti-biofilm activity against all S. aureus tested strains. For BC matrices and Vancomycin-loaded MP, a decrease of viable intracellular bacteria was observed. For Daptomycin-loaded MP, no viable intracellular bacteria were detected. In conclusion, this work has shown that the BC formulations with drug concentration of 1.5 % or 2.5 % and daptomycin-loaded MP show potential to be used in the context of bone infection treatment.