Open Innovation, Coopetition and Co-innovation How does co-creation interact?

• Autor(a) principal: Novo, Ângelo Manuel Fernandes
• Data de Publicação: 2022
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: eng
• Título da fonte: Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos)
• Texto Completo: http://hdl.handle.net/10400.6/12692
• topic: Co-Inovação; Cocreação; Coopetição; Inovação Aberta; Inovação de Processos; Inovação de Produtos; Domínio/Área Científica::Ciências Sociais::Economia

The adoption of open innovation practices implies that external ideas can be integrated into internal activities and thus expand operations, just as ideas arising internally, with potential application in external contexts, can be effectively shared with business partners or other organizations. Co-creation is a powerful mechanism that can be used to generate innovation as it combines the knowledge of multiple employees and facilitates the transfer of tacit knowledge. This is because co-creation initiatives contribute to the bringing together of participants as well as their active involvement in the innovation process by integrating them from the beginning into this process of shared construction. Coopetition is the ability of companies to simultaneously pursue cooperation and competition between organizations. Co-innovation is the process that allows the participation of the company's different stakeholders from customers to suppliers. Following this rationale, this study aims to empirically evaluate the interaction patterns between co-creation and co-innovation, taking into consideration the strategies of co-competitiveness, i.e. open innovation and coopetition. A selected sample of 13700 firms included in the Community Innovation Survey 2018 of Portugal is used to estimate multinomial models with discrete choice variables, namely multinomial probit and multinomial poisson, in order to assess the ways in which co-creation interacts with co-innovation in the presence (or absence) of open innovation and coopetition strategies. Open innovation positively affects co-innovation, which is ratified in the estimation of the three regression models in use. Thus, in all models, the variables: Licensing of intellectual property to third parties; and Exchange of intellectual property; show positive effects, although only the first is statistically significant. Furthermore, the variable acquired or received through patent or intellectual property license denotes a negative effect, although this is not significant for any of the estimated models. Coopetition also shows a positive effect on co-innovation, to the extent that in the three estimated models, the estimators are positive for two variables representative of coopetition, namely the firm cooperated with other firms or organizations in R&D activities, and the firm cooperated with other firms or organizations in other innovation activities excluding R&D and partner innovation cooperation with a competitor in Portugal. However, the latter variable for bioeconomy firms is only significant in the multinomial approach applied to process innovation. Regarding co-creation, this is significant in all models and all coefficients are positive, although the variables related to open innovation and co-opetition when combined (moderated) with the former, always show negative coefficients, when associated statistical significance is detected, either in the relationship between open innovation and co-innovation, or in the relationship between co-opetition and co-innovation. This results in two interesting findings, namely that co-creation, when considered alone as a hypothetical influencing factor, interacts positively with co-innovation, however, when considered as a moderating variable, co-creation slows down co-innovation. The results obtained can be used to create new public policies focused on boosting the bioeconomy, based on the relationships between: open innovation and co-innovation; co-opetition and co-innovation; and also incorporating the positive or slowingdow effects of co-creation.