Chlamydial and Gonococcal Genital Infections: A Narrative Review

Detalhes bibliográficos
Autor(a) principal: Rodrigues, Rafaela
Data de Publicação: 2023
Outros Autores: Vieira-Baptista, Pedro, Catalão, Carlos, Borrego, Maria José, Sousa, Carlos, Vale, Nuno
Tipo de documento: Artigo
Idioma: eng
Título da fonte: Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos)
Texto Completo: http://hdl.handle.net/10400.18/9039
Resumo: Review
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spelling Chlamydial and Gonococcal Genital Infections: A Narrative ReviewChlamydia trachomatisNeisseria gonorrhoeaeDiagnosticInfertilityPreventionScreeningSexually Transmitted InfectionsTreatmentTumorigenesisInfeções Sexualmente TransmissíveisReviewSexually transmitted infections (STIs) constitute one of the leading causes of disease burden worldwide, leading to considerable morbidity, mortality, health expenditures, and stigma. Of note are the most common bacterial STIs, chlamydial and gonococcal infections, whose etiological agents are Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG), respectively. Despite being usually asymptomatic, in some cases these infections can be associated with long-term severe complications, such as pelvic inflammatory disease, chronic pelvic pain, infertility, ectopic pregnancy, and increased risk of other STIs acquisition. As the symptoms, when present, are usually similar in both infections, and in most of the cases these infections co-occur, the dual-test strategy, searching for both pathogens, should be preferred. In line with this, herein we focus on the main aspects of CT and NG infections, the clinical symptoms as well as the appropriate state-of-the-art diagnostic tests and treatment. Cost-effective strategies for controlling CT and NG infections worldwide are addressed. The treatment for both infections is based on antibiotics. However, the continuing global rise in the incidence of these infections, concomitantly with the increased risk of antibiotics resistance, leads to difficulties in their control, particularly in the case of NG infections. We also discuss the potential mechanism of tumorigenesis related to CT infections. The molecular bases of CT and NG infections are addressed, as they should provide clues for control or eradication, through the development of new drugs and/or effective vaccines against these pathogens.This work was financed by FEDER—Fundo Europeu de Desenvolimento Regional through the COMPETE 2020—Operational Programme for Competitiveness and Internationalization (POCI), Portugal 2020, and by Portuguese funds through FCT—Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, in a framework of the projects in CINTESIS, R&D Unit (reference UIDB/4255/2020), and within the scope of the project “RISE—LA/P/0053/2020”. N.V. would also like to thank the support from FCT and FEDER (European Union), award number IF/00092/2014/CP1255/CT0004 and CHAIR in Onco-Innovation at FMUP.MDPIRepositório Científico do Instituto Nacional de SaúdeRodrigues, RafaelaVieira-Baptista, PedroCatalão, CarlosBorrego, Maria JoséSousa, CarlosVale, Nuno2024-02-05T16:27:21Z2023-07-212023-07-21T00:00:00Zinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/articleapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/10400.18/9039engJ Pers Med. 2023 Jul 21;13(7):1170. doi: 10.3390/jpm13071170. Review10.3390/jpm13071170info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessreponame:Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos)instname:Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informaçãoinstacron:RCAAP2024-02-10T01:30:48Zoai:repositorio.insa.pt:10400.18/9039Portal AgregadorONGhttps://www.rcaap.pt/oai/openaireopendoar:71602024-03-20T02:37:22.023457Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) - Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informaçãofalse
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Chlamydial and Gonococcal Genital Infections: A Narrative Review
title Chlamydial and Gonococcal Genital Infections: A Narrative Review
spellingShingle Chlamydial and Gonococcal Genital Infections: A Narrative Review
Rodrigues, Rafaela
Chlamydia trachomatis
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Diagnostic
Infertility
Prevention
Screening
Sexually Transmitted Infections
Treatment
Tumorigenesis
Infeções Sexualmente Transmissíveis
title_short Chlamydial and Gonococcal Genital Infections: A Narrative Review
title_full Chlamydial and Gonococcal Genital Infections: A Narrative Review
title_fullStr Chlamydial and Gonococcal Genital Infections: A Narrative Review
title_full_unstemmed Chlamydial and Gonococcal Genital Infections: A Narrative Review
title_sort Chlamydial and Gonococcal Genital Infections: A Narrative Review
author Rodrigues, Rafaela
author_facet Rodrigues, Rafaela
Vieira-Baptista, Pedro
Catalão, Carlos
Borrego, Maria José
Sousa, Carlos
Vale, Nuno
author_role author
author2 Vieira-Baptista, Pedro
Catalão, Carlos
Borrego, Maria José
Sousa, Carlos
Vale, Nuno
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv Repositório Científico do Instituto Nacional de Saúde
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv Rodrigues, Rafaela
Vieira-Baptista, Pedro
Catalão, Carlos
Borrego, Maria José
Sousa, Carlos
Vale, Nuno
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv Chlamydia trachomatis
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Diagnostic
Infertility
Prevention
Screening
Sexually Transmitted Infections
Treatment
Tumorigenesis
Infeções Sexualmente Transmissíveis
topic Chlamydia trachomatis
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Diagnostic
Infertility
Prevention
Screening
Sexually Transmitted Infections
Treatment
Tumorigenesis
Infeções Sexualmente Transmissíveis
description Review
publishDate 2023
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2023-07-21
2023-07-21T00:00:00Z
2024-02-05T16:27:21Z
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/10400.18/9039
url http://hdl.handle.net/10400.18/9039
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv eng
language eng
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv J Pers Med. 2023 Jul 21;13(7):1170. doi: 10.3390/jpm13071170. Review
10.3390/jpm13071170
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv MDPI
publisher.none.fl_str_mv MDPI
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos)
instname:Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informação
instacron:RCAAP
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instacron_str RCAAP
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repository.name.fl_str_mv Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) - Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informação
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