Findings in physical examination of the external genitalia in pediatric age − different is not always pathological - Part II (female)
Autor(a) principal: | |
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Data de Publicação: | 2021 |
Outros Autores: | , , |
Tipo de documento: | Artigo |
Idioma: | eng |
Título da fonte: | Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) |
Texto Completo: | https://doi.org/10.25753/BirthGrowthMJ.v30.i1.18703 |
Resumo: | Introduction: Findings in the physical examination of the external genitalia in children are often a source of concern and anxiety for parents and caregivers. Due to the proximity and role in child’s periodic surveillance, the family physician is in a privileged position to identify and initially provide guidance on these situations, key for the success of future interventions. Objectives: To review available evidence on the main variations and anomalies of the external female genitalia in pediatric age, focusing on diagnosis and clinical approach in primary health care. Results: In most cases, anomalies of the prepubertal female external genitalia are only variants of normal and/or do not significantly affect function, hence not requiring intervention other than clinical surveillance – e.g., fusion of labia minora. However, others require referral to secondary health care − like congenital vaginal obstruction or clitoral hypertrophy –, with early intervention being crucial for the success of implemented measures in some cases. Conclusion: Genital pathology in prepubertal children is most often diagnosed by systematic and careful physical examination and usually has a favorable outcome. It is important to distinguish variants of normal from situations requiring more specialized assessment, in order to optimize health care system resources without overloading it and decrease parental anxiety. |
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Findings in physical examination of the external genitalia in pediatric age − different is not always pathological - Part II (female)Alterações ao exame físico do aparelho genital em idade pediátrica - o que é diferente nem sempre é patológico – Parte II (feminino)Review ArticlesIntroduction: Findings in the physical examination of the external genitalia in children are often a source of concern and anxiety for parents and caregivers. Due to the proximity and role in child’s periodic surveillance, the family physician is in a privileged position to identify and initially provide guidance on these situations, key for the success of future interventions. Objectives: To review available evidence on the main variations and anomalies of the external female genitalia in pediatric age, focusing on diagnosis and clinical approach in primary health care. Results: In most cases, anomalies of the prepubertal female external genitalia are only variants of normal and/or do not significantly affect function, hence not requiring intervention other than clinical surveillance – e.g., fusion of labia minora. However, others require referral to secondary health care − like congenital vaginal obstruction or clitoral hypertrophy –, with early intervention being crucial for the success of implemented measures in some cases. Conclusion: Genital pathology in prepubertal children is most often diagnosed by systematic and careful physical examination and usually has a favorable outcome. It is important to distinguish variants of normal from situations requiring more specialized assessment, in order to optimize health care system resources without overloading it and decrease parental anxiety.Introdução: Os achados no exame físico da genitália externa em crianças são frequentemente uma fonte de preocupação e ansiedade para pais e cuidadores. Devido à proximidade e papel na vigilância periódica da criança, o médico de família encontra-se numa posição privilegiada para a identificação e orientação inicial destas situações, chave para o sucesso das intervenções. Objetivos: Rever a evidência disponível sobre as principais variações e anomalias da genitália externa do sexo feminino em idade pediátrica, com foco no diagnóstico e abordagem clínica nos cuidados de saúde primários. Resultados: Na maioria dos casos, as anomalias prepubertais da genitália externa feminina são apenas variantes do normal e/ou não afetam significativamente a função, não necessitando de outras intervenções para além de vigilância clínica, como é o caso da fusão dos pequenos lábios. No entanto, existem outras situações que requerem referenciação para os cuidados de saúde secundários, como é o caso da obstrução vaginal congénita ou hipertrofia do clitóris, sendo que em alguns casos a intervenção precoce é essencial para o sucesso das medidas implementadas. Conclusão: A patologia genital na criança pré-púbere é mais frequentemente diagnosticada através de um exame físico sistemático e cuidadoso e, na maioria dos casos, tem um resultado final favorável. É importante distinguir variantes do normal de situações que requerem avaliação mais especializada, de modo a otimizar os recursos do sistema de saúde sem o sobrecarregar e diminuir a ansiedade dos pais.Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto2021-04-06T00:00:00Zinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttps://doi.org/10.25753/BirthGrowthMJ.v30.i1.18703eng2183-9417Pinto, Nuno TelesCosta, Diana MoraisMarinho, Ana SofiaPinto, João Moreirainfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessreponame:Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos)instname:Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informaçãoinstacron:RCAAP2022-09-21T14:55:36Zoai:ojs.revistas.rcaap.pt:article/18703Portal AgregadorONGhttps://www.rcaap.pt/oai/openaireopendoar:71602024-03-19T15:56:30.284179Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) - Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informaçãofalse |
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
Findings in physical examination of the external genitalia in pediatric age − different is not always pathological - Part II (female) Alterações ao exame físico do aparelho genital em idade pediátrica - o que é diferente nem sempre é patológico – Parte II (feminino) |
title |
Findings in physical examination of the external genitalia in pediatric age − different is not always pathological - Part II (female) |
spellingShingle |
Findings in physical examination of the external genitalia in pediatric age − different is not always pathological - Part II (female) Pinto, Nuno Teles Review Articles |
title_short |
Findings in physical examination of the external genitalia in pediatric age − different is not always pathological - Part II (female) |
title_full |
Findings in physical examination of the external genitalia in pediatric age − different is not always pathological - Part II (female) |
title_fullStr |
Findings in physical examination of the external genitalia in pediatric age − different is not always pathological - Part II (female) |
title_full_unstemmed |
Findings in physical examination of the external genitalia in pediatric age − different is not always pathological - Part II (female) |
title_sort |
Findings in physical examination of the external genitalia in pediatric age − different is not always pathological - Part II (female) |
author |
Pinto, Nuno Teles |
author_facet |
Pinto, Nuno Teles Costa, Diana Morais Marinho, Ana Sofia Pinto, João Moreira |
author_role |
author |
author2 |
Costa, Diana Morais Marinho, Ana Sofia Pinto, João Moreira |
author2_role |
author author author |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Pinto, Nuno Teles Costa, Diana Morais Marinho, Ana Sofia Pinto, João Moreira |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
Review Articles |
topic |
Review Articles |
description |
Introduction: Findings in the physical examination of the external genitalia in children are often a source of concern and anxiety for parents and caregivers. Due to the proximity and role in child’s periodic surveillance, the family physician is in a privileged position to identify and initially provide guidance on these situations, key for the success of future interventions. Objectives: To review available evidence on the main variations and anomalies of the external female genitalia in pediatric age, focusing on diagnosis and clinical approach in primary health care. Results: In most cases, anomalies of the prepubertal female external genitalia are only variants of normal and/or do not significantly affect function, hence not requiring intervention other than clinical surveillance – e.g., fusion of labia minora. However, others require referral to secondary health care − like congenital vaginal obstruction or clitoral hypertrophy –, with early intervention being crucial for the success of implemented measures in some cases. Conclusion: Genital pathology in prepubertal children is most often diagnosed by systematic and careful physical examination and usually has a favorable outcome. It is important to distinguish variants of normal from situations requiring more specialized assessment, in order to optimize health care system resources without overloading it and decrease parental anxiety. |
publishDate |
2021 |
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2021-04-06T00:00:00Z |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
format |
article |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
https://doi.org/10.25753/BirthGrowthMJ.v30.i1.18703 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.25753/BirthGrowthMJ.v30.i1.18703 |
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv |
eng |
language |
eng |
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv |
2183-9417 |
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto |
publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto |
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv |
reponame:Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) instname:Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informação instacron:RCAAP |
instname_str |
Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informação |
instacron_str |
RCAAP |
institution |
RCAAP |
reponame_str |
Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) |
collection |
Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) |
repository.name.fl_str_mv |
Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) - Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informação |
repository.mail.fl_str_mv |
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1799130433329299456 |