Findings in physical examination of the external genitalia in pediatric age − different is not always pathological − Part I (male)
Autor(a) principal: | |
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Data de Publicação: | 2021 |
Outros Autores: | , , |
Tipo de documento: | Artigo |
Idioma: | eng |
Título da fonte: | Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) |
Texto Completo: | https://doi.org/10.25753/BirthGrowthMJ.v30.i1.18708 |
Resumo: | Introduction: Findings in the physical examination of the external genitalia in children are often a source of concern for parents and caregivers, not only for the emotional significance that people unconsciously attribute to these structures (partly due to their reproductive function), but also for the physical and psychological impact in the child. Due to the child’s close monitoring and periodic surveillance, the family physician has a key role in the identification and initial guidance of these cases. Objectives: To review the evidence about main variations and anomalies of the external male genitalia in pediatric age regarding diagnosis and clinical approach in primary health care. Results: In most cases, anomalies in the external male genitalia represent variants of normal and/or do not significantly affect function, thus only requiring clinical surveillance and no intervention. However, some cases − as epispadias, hypospadias, and urethral duplication − require surgical intervention and early action is crucial for the success of implemented measures. Conclusion: Physical examination is a key aspect of child assessment. Although changes in physical examination of the external male genitalia mostly represent normality variants, clinicians should be able to recognize pathological changes and properly refer those cases without overloading health services or causing unnecessary anxiety to children and caregivers. |
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Findings in physical examination of the external genitalia in pediatric age − different is not always pathological − Part I (male)Alterações ao exame físico do aparelho genital em idade pediátrica - o que é diferente nem sempre é patológico – Parte I (masculino)Review ArticlesIntroduction: Findings in the physical examination of the external genitalia in children are often a source of concern for parents and caregivers, not only for the emotional significance that people unconsciously attribute to these structures (partly due to their reproductive function), but also for the physical and psychological impact in the child. Due to the child’s close monitoring and periodic surveillance, the family physician has a key role in the identification and initial guidance of these cases. Objectives: To review the evidence about main variations and anomalies of the external male genitalia in pediatric age regarding diagnosis and clinical approach in primary health care. Results: In most cases, anomalies in the external male genitalia represent variants of normal and/or do not significantly affect function, thus only requiring clinical surveillance and no intervention. However, some cases − as epispadias, hypospadias, and urethral duplication − require surgical intervention and early action is crucial for the success of implemented measures. Conclusion: Physical examination is a key aspect of child assessment. Although changes in physical examination of the external male genitalia mostly represent normality variants, clinicians should be able to recognize pathological changes and properly refer those cases without overloading health services or causing unnecessary anxiety to children and caregivers.Introdução: Os achados no exame físico da genitália externa em crianças são frequentemente uma fonte de preocupação para pais e cuidadores, não só pelo significado emocional que inconscientemente é atribuído a essas estruturas devido à sua função reprodutiva, como, também, pelo impacto físico e psicológico na criança. Devido ao acompanhamento próximo e vigilância periódica da criança, o médico de família tem um papel fundamental na identificação e orientação inicial destes casos. Objetivos: Rever a evidência sobre as principais variações e anomalias da genitália masculina em idade pediátrica no que se refere ao diagnóstico e abordagem clínica nos cuidados de saúde primários. Resultados: Na maior parte dos casos, as anomalias da genitália externa masculina são apenas variantes da normalidade e/ou não afetam significativamente a função, necessitando apenas de vigilância clínica e não requerendo intervenção. No entanto, alguns casos – como epispádias, hipospádias e duplicação uretral − necessitam de intervenção cirúrgica e a ação precoce é essencial para o sucesso das medidas implementadas. Conclusão: O exame físico é uma parte fundamental da avaliação da criança. As alterações no exame físico da genitália externa são, na maior parte dos casos, apenas variantes da normalidade. No entanto, os médicos devem ser capazes de reconhecer alterações patológicas e referenciá-las adequadamente, não sobrecarregando os serviços de saúde ou causando ansiedade desnecessária às crianças e cuidadores.Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto2021-04-06T00:00:00Zinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttps://doi.org/10.25753/BirthGrowthMJ.v30.i1.18708eng2183-9417Costa, Diana MoraisPinto, Nuno TelesMarinho, Ana SofiaPinto, João Moreirainfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessreponame:Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos)instname:Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informaçãoinstacron:RCAAP2022-09-21T14:55:36Zoai:ojs.revistas.rcaap.pt:article/18708Portal AgregadorONGhttps://www.rcaap.pt/oai/openaireopendoar:71602024-03-19T15:56:30.329785Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) - Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informaçãofalse |
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
Findings in physical examination of the external genitalia in pediatric age − different is not always pathological − Part I (male) Alterações ao exame físico do aparelho genital em idade pediátrica - o que é diferente nem sempre é patológico – Parte I (masculino) |
title |
Findings in physical examination of the external genitalia in pediatric age − different is not always pathological − Part I (male) |
spellingShingle |
Findings in physical examination of the external genitalia in pediatric age − different is not always pathological − Part I (male) Costa, Diana Morais Review Articles |
title_short |
Findings in physical examination of the external genitalia in pediatric age − different is not always pathological − Part I (male) |
title_full |
Findings in physical examination of the external genitalia in pediatric age − different is not always pathological − Part I (male) |
title_fullStr |
Findings in physical examination of the external genitalia in pediatric age − different is not always pathological − Part I (male) |
title_full_unstemmed |
Findings in physical examination of the external genitalia in pediatric age − different is not always pathological − Part I (male) |
title_sort |
Findings in physical examination of the external genitalia in pediatric age − different is not always pathological − Part I (male) |
author |
Costa, Diana Morais |
author_facet |
Costa, Diana Morais Pinto, Nuno Teles Marinho, Ana Sofia Pinto, João Moreira |
author_role |
author |
author2 |
Pinto, Nuno Teles Marinho, Ana Sofia Pinto, João Moreira |
author2_role |
author author author |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Costa, Diana Morais Pinto, Nuno Teles Marinho, Ana Sofia Pinto, João Moreira |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
Review Articles |
topic |
Review Articles |
description |
Introduction: Findings in the physical examination of the external genitalia in children are often a source of concern for parents and caregivers, not only for the emotional significance that people unconsciously attribute to these structures (partly due to their reproductive function), but also for the physical and psychological impact in the child. Due to the child’s close monitoring and periodic surveillance, the family physician has a key role in the identification and initial guidance of these cases. Objectives: To review the evidence about main variations and anomalies of the external male genitalia in pediatric age regarding diagnosis and clinical approach in primary health care. Results: In most cases, anomalies in the external male genitalia represent variants of normal and/or do not significantly affect function, thus only requiring clinical surveillance and no intervention. However, some cases − as epispadias, hypospadias, and urethral duplication − require surgical intervention and early action is crucial for the success of implemented measures. Conclusion: Physical examination is a key aspect of child assessment. Although changes in physical examination of the external male genitalia mostly represent normality variants, clinicians should be able to recognize pathological changes and properly refer those cases without overloading health services or causing unnecessary anxiety to children and caregivers. |
publishDate |
2021 |
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2021-04-06T00:00:00Z |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
format |
article |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
https://doi.org/10.25753/BirthGrowthMJ.v30.i1.18708 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.25753/BirthGrowthMJ.v30.i1.18708 |
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv |
eng |
language |
eng |
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv |
2183-9417 |
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto |
publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto |
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv |
reponame:Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) instname:Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informação instacron:RCAAP |
instname_str |
Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informação |
instacron_str |
RCAAP |
institution |
RCAAP |
reponame_str |
Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) |
collection |
Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) |
repository.name.fl_str_mv |
Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) - Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informação |
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