Do resíduo a recurso: Reciclagem/reutilização de materiais não biodegradáveis em arquitectura

• Autor(a) principal: Manuela Martins Pinho
• Data de Publicação: 2018
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos)
• Texto Completo: https://hdl.handle.net/10216/116824
• topic: Artes; Arts

The present dissertation focuses on the study of materials, more specifically the materials considered "non-biodegradable residues", as a resource for application in construction. I consider non-biodegradable residues resulting from the industrialized production as a starting point for questioning its impact on the environment. Nowdays we know that the ecological footprint of man is not yet at a level that allows the sustainability of the planet and this theme is transversal to the global society in which we live. In the field of architecture, there is this ecological awareness that encourages the development of more efficient and sustainable solutions through constructive systems and renewable energy resources, using new technologies. However, the interest of this study is the management of materials and their life cycle, from their production, transportation, application and demolition (which turns the resource into residues). For that purpose, I've considered relevant to approach the legal framework to the management of the referred residues with great incidence on the European Countries. The measures taken by governments are intended to reduce the significant amounts that residues currently reaches. Some public or private entities have gathered a number of strategies, including prevention through prior planning of waste production, or other alternatives such as a survey of local materials and the resort to prefabricated elements for the reuse of the elements after demolition. However, the ever growing consumer society and the disposal of non-biodegradable materials seem to contradict the overall intention of the intended sustainability. Urban solid waste accumulate on the planet, with no apparent solution in sight. Their inclusion in initiatives that make it possible to construct at low cost appear to have positive results for populations suffering from various factors, such as economic poverty, conflict avoidance or natural disasters. Among the materials used in this type of alternative constructions are PET bottles and tires. The case of the tire as a constructive resource is not new, since there is a legislation that promotes the use of crushed rubber for various purposes related to construction. The "Earthship" emerges after the contextualization of the materials under study, as a model of architectural approach that invests the knowledge obtained through experiments carried out for the application of the referred materials, and will be the example addressed as proof of the efficient application of residues in the construction of several building typologies . The project will also be analyzed by the incorporation of several autonomy and sustainability appetencies in each building, as well as the use of residues in its construction. At the end of this investigation, a reflection on the situation of the exposed themes is constructed. In the case of the CDW, the reflection focuses on regulatory issues as a fundamental point of raising awareness of the theme. For the SUW, the reflection focuses on their relevance and feasibility as a solution to the problems they refer to, and finally, the Earthship, deserve some attention compared to conventional housing.