Computer Analysis of Human Belligerency

Detalhes bibliográficos
Autor(a) principal: Machado, J. A. Tenreiro
Data de Publicação: 2020
Outros Autores: M. Lopes, António, Mata, Maria Eugénia
Tipo de documento: Artigo
Idioma: por
Título da fonte: Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos)
Texto Completo: http://hdl.handle.net/10400.22/19412
Resumo: War is a cause of gains and losses. Economic historians have long stressed the extreme importance of considering the economic potential of society for belligerency, the role of management of chaos to bear the costs of battle and casualties, and ingenious and improvisation methodologies for emergency management. However, global and inter-temporal studies on warring are missing. The adoption of computational tools for data processing is a key modeling option with present day resources. In this paper, hierarchical clustering techniques and multidimensional scaling are used as efficient instruments for visualizing and describing military conflicts by electing different metrics to assess their characterizing features: time, time span, number of belligerents, and number of casualties. Moreover, entropy is adopted for measuring war complexity over time. Although wars have been an important topic of analysis in all ages, they have been ignored as a subject of nonlinear dynamics and complex system analysis. This paper seeks to fill these gaps in the literature by proposing a quantitative perspective based on algorithmic strategies. We verify the growing number of events and an explosion in their characteristics. The results have similarities to those exhibited by systems with increasing volatility, or evolving toward chaotic-like behavior. We can question also whether such dynamics follow the second law of thermodynamics since the adopted techniques reflect a system expanding the entropy.
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spelling Computer Analysis of Human BelligerencyData visualizationMultidimensional scalingHierarchical clusteringEntropyComplex systemsWar is a cause of gains and losses. Economic historians have long stressed the extreme importance of considering the economic potential of society for belligerency, the role of management of chaos to bear the costs of battle and casualties, and ingenious and improvisation methodologies for emergency management. However, global and inter-temporal studies on warring are missing. The adoption of computational tools for data processing is a key modeling option with present day resources. In this paper, hierarchical clustering techniques and multidimensional scaling are used as efficient instruments for visualizing and describing military conflicts by electing different metrics to assess their characterizing features: time, time span, number of belligerents, and number of casualties. Moreover, entropy is adopted for measuring war complexity over time. Although wars have been an important topic of analysis in all ages, they have been ignored as a subject of nonlinear dynamics and complex system analysis. This paper seeks to fill these gaps in the literature by proposing a quantitative perspective based on algorithmic strategies. We verify the growing number of events and an explosion in their characteristics. The results have similarities to those exhibited by systems with increasing volatility, or evolving toward chaotic-like behavior. We can question also whether such dynamics follow the second law of thermodynamics since the adopted techniques reflect a system expanding the entropy.MDPIRepositório Científico do Instituto Politécnico do PortoMachado, J. A. TenreiroM. Lopes, AntónioMata, Maria Eugénia2022-01-12T11:00:45Z20202020-01-01T00:00:00Zinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/articleapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/10400.22/19412por10.3390/math8081201info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessreponame:Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos)instname:Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informaçãoinstacron:RCAAP2023-03-13T13:13:06Zoai:recipp.ipp.pt:10400.22/19412Portal AgregadorONGhttps://www.rcaap.pt/oai/openaireopendoar:71602024-03-19T17:39:16.291779Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) - Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informaçãofalse
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Computer Analysis of Human Belligerency
title Computer Analysis of Human Belligerency
spellingShingle Computer Analysis of Human Belligerency
Machado, J. A. Tenreiro
Data visualization
Multidimensional scaling
Hierarchical clustering
Entropy
Complex systems
title_short Computer Analysis of Human Belligerency
title_full Computer Analysis of Human Belligerency
title_fullStr Computer Analysis of Human Belligerency
title_full_unstemmed Computer Analysis of Human Belligerency
title_sort Computer Analysis of Human Belligerency
author Machado, J. A. Tenreiro
author_facet Machado, J. A. Tenreiro
M. Lopes, António
Mata, Maria Eugénia
author_role author
author2 M. Lopes, António
Mata, Maria Eugénia
author2_role author
author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv Repositório Científico do Instituto Politécnico do Porto
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv Machado, J. A. Tenreiro
M. Lopes, António
Mata, Maria Eugénia
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv Data visualization
Multidimensional scaling
Hierarchical clustering
Entropy
Complex systems
topic Data visualization
Multidimensional scaling
Hierarchical clustering
Entropy
Complex systems
description War is a cause of gains and losses. Economic historians have long stressed the extreme importance of considering the economic potential of society for belligerency, the role of management of chaos to bear the costs of battle and casualties, and ingenious and improvisation methodologies for emergency management. However, global and inter-temporal studies on warring are missing. The adoption of computational tools for data processing is a key modeling option with present day resources. In this paper, hierarchical clustering techniques and multidimensional scaling are used as efficient instruments for visualizing and describing military conflicts by electing different metrics to assess their characterizing features: time, time span, number of belligerents, and number of casualties. Moreover, entropy is adopted for measuring war complexity over time. Although wars have been an important topic of analysis in all ages, they have been ignored as a subject of nonlinear dynamics and complex system analysis. This paper seeks to fill these gaps in the literature by proposing a quantitative perspective based on algorithmic strategies. We verify the growing number of events and an explosion in their characteristics. The results have similarities to those exhibited by systems with increasing volatility, or evolving toward chaotic-like behavior. We can question also whether such dynamics follow the second law of thermodynamics since the adopted techniques reflect a system expanding the entropy.
publishDate 2020
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2020
2020-01-01T00:00:00Z
2022-01-12T11:00:45Z
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dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv 10.3390/math8081201
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