The cross-national epidemiology of social anxiety disorder
Autor(a) principal: | |
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Data de Publicação: | 2017 |
Outros Autores: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
Tipo de documento: | Artigo |
Idioma: | eng |
Título da fonte: | Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) |
Texto Completo: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-017-0889-2 |
Resumo: | Background: There is evidence that social anxiety disorder (SAD) is a prevalent and disabling disorder. However, most of the available data on the epidemiology of this condition originate from high income countries in the West. The World Mental Health (WMH) Survey Initiative provides an opportunity to investigate the prevalence, course, impairment, socio-demographic correlates, comorbidity, and treatment of this condition across a range of high, middle, and low income countries in different geographic regions of the world, and to address the question of whether differences in SAD merely reflect differences in threshold for diagnosis. Methods: Data from 28 community surveys in the WMH Survey Initiative, with 142,405 respondents, were analyzed. We assessed the 30-day, 12-month, and lifetime prevalence of SAD, age of onset, and severity of role impairment associated with SAD, across countries. In addition, we investigated socio-demographic correlates of SAD, comorbidity of SAD with other mental disorders, and treatment of SAD in the combined sample. Cross-tabulations were used to calculate prevalence, impairment, comorbidity, and treatment. Survival analysis was used to estimate age of onset, and logistic regression and survival analyses were used to examine socio-demographic correlates. Results: SAD 30-day, 12-month, and lifetime prevalence estimates are 1.3, 2.4, and 4.0% across all countries. SAD prevalence rates are lowest in low/lower-middle income countries and in the African and Eastern Mediterranean regions, and highest in high income countries and in the Americas and the Western Pacific regions. Age of onset is early across the globe, and persistence is highest in upper-middle income countries, Africa, and the Eastern Mediterranean. There are some differences in domains of severe role impairment by country income level and geographic region, but there are no significant differences across different income level and geographic region in the proportion of respondents with any severe role impairment. Also, across countries SAD is associated with specific socio-demographic features (younger age, female gender, unmarried status, lower education, and lower income) and with similar patterns of comorbidity. Treatment rates for those with any impairment are lowest in low/lower-middle income countries and highest in high income countries. Conclusions: While differences in SAD prevalence across countries are apparent, we found a number of consistent patterns across the globe, including early age of onset, persistence, impairment in multiple domains, as well as characteristic socio-demographic correlates and associated psychiatric comorbidities. In addition, while there are some differences in the patterns of impairment associated with SAD across the globe, key similarities suggest that the threshold for diagnosis is similar regardless of country income levels or geographic location. Taken together, these cross-national data emphasize the international clinical and public health significance of SAD. |
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The cross-national epidemiology of social anxiety disorderData from the World Mental Health Survey InitiativeCross-national epidemiologySocial anxiety disorderSocial phobiaWorld Mental Health Survey InitiativeMedicine(all)SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-beingBackground: There is evidence that social anxiety disorder (SAD) is a prevalent and disabling disorder. However, most of the available data on the epidemiology of this condition originate from high income countries in the West. The World Mental Health (WMH) Survey Initiative provides an opportunity to investigate the prevalence, course, impairment, socio-demographic correlates, comorbidity, and treatment of this condition across a range of high, middle, and low income countries in different geographic regions of the world, and to address the question of whether differences in SAD merely reflect differences in threshold for diagnosis. Methods: Data from 28 community surveys in the WMH Survey Initiative, with 142,405 respondents, were analyzed. We assessed the 30-day, 12-month, and lifetime prevalence of SAD, age of onset, and severity of role impairment associated with SAD, across countries. In addition, we investigated socio-demographic correlates of SAD, comorbidity of SAD with other mental disorders, and treatment of SAD in the combined sample. Cross-tabulations were used to calculate prevalence, impairment, comorbidity, and treatment. Survival analysis was used to estimate age of onset, and logistic regression and survival analyses were used to examine socio-demographic correlates. Results: SAD 30-day, 12-month, and lifetime prevalence estimates are 1.3, 2.4, and 4.0% across all countries. SAD prevalence rates are lowest in low/lower-middle income countries and in the African and Eastern Mediterranean regions, and highest in high income countries and in the Americas and the Western Pacific regions. Age of onset is early across the globe, and persistence is highest in upper-middle income countries, Africa, and the Eastern Mediterranean. There are some differences in domains of severe role impairment by country income level and geographic region, but there are no significant differences across different income level and geographic region in the proportion of respondents with any severe role impairment. Also, across countries SAD is associated with specific socio-demographic features (younger age, female gender, unmarried status, lower education, and lower income) and with similar patterns of comorbidity. Treatment rates for those with any impairment are lowest in low/lower-middle income countries and highest in high income countries. Conclusions: While differences in SAD prevalence across countries are apparent, we found a number of consistent patterns across the globe, including early age of onset, persistence, impairment in multiple domains, as well as characteristic socio-demographic correlates and associated psychiatric comorbidities. In addition, while there are some differences in the patterns of impairment associated with SAD across the globe, key similarities suggest that the threshold for diagnosis is similar regardless of country income levels or geographic location. Taken together, these cross-national data emphasize the international clinical and public health significance of SAD.NOVA Medical School|Faculdade de Ciências Médicas (NMS|FCM)Centro de Estudos de Doenças Crónicas (CEDOC)RUNStein, Dan J.Lim, Carmen C.W.Roest, Annelieke M.de Jonge, PeterAguilar-Gaxiola, SergioAl-Hamzawi, AliAlonso, JordiBenjet, CorinaBromet, Evelyn J.Bruffaerts, Ronnyde Girolamo, GiovanniFlorescu, SilviaGureje, OyeHaro, Josep MariaHarris, Meredith G.He, YanlingHinkov, HristoHoriguchi, ItsukoHu, ChiyiKaram, AimeeKaram, Elie G.Lee, SingLepine, Jean PierreNavarro-Mateu, FernandoPennell, Beth EllenPiazza, MarinaPosada-Villa, Joseten Have, MargreetTorres, YolandaViana, Maria CarmenWojtyniak, BogdanXavier, MiguelKessler, Ronald C.Scott, Kate M.Al-Kaisy, Mohammed SalihAlonso, JordiAndrade, Laura HelenaBorges, GuilhermeBunting, BrendanCaldas-de-Almeida, José MCardoso, GracaCia, Alfredo H.Chatterji, SomnathDegenhardt, LouisaDemyttenaere, KoenFayyad, JohnHu, Chi yiHuang, YueqinKawakami, NoritoKiejna, AndrzejKovess-Masfety, VivianeLevinson, DaphnaMcGrath, JohnMedina-Mora, Maria ElenaMoskalewicz, JacekPennell, Beth EllenSlade, TimStagnaro, Juan CarlosTaib, NezarWhiteford, HarveyWilliams, David R.2017-09-29T22:04:15Z2017-07-312017-07-31T00:00:00Zinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/article21application/pdfhttps://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-017-0889-2eng1741-7015PURE: 3158063http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85026466440&partnerID=8YFLogxKhttps://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-017-0889-2info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessreponame:Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos)instname:Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informaçãoinstacron:RCAAP2024-03-11T04:12:04Zoai:run.unl.pt:10362/23741Portal AgregadorONGhttps://www.rcaap.pt/oai/openaireopendoar:71602024-03-20T03:27:53.178361Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) - Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informaçãofalse |
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
The cross-national epidemiology of social anxiety disorder Data from the World Mental Health Survey Initiative |
title |
The cross-national epidemiology of social anxiety disorder |
spellingShingle |
The cross-national epidemiology of social anxiety disorder Stein, Dan J. Cross-national epidemiology Social anxiety disorder Social phobia World Mental Health Survey Initiative Medicine(all) SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being |
title_short |
The cross-national epidemiology of social anxiety disorder |
title_full |
The cross-national epidemiology of social anxiety disorder |
title_fullStr |
The cross-national epidemiology of social anxiety disorder |
title_full_unstemmed |
The cross-national epidemiology of social anxiety disorder |
title_sort |
The cross-national epidemiology of social anxiety disorder |
author |
Stein, Dan J. |
author_facet |
Stein, Dan J. Lim, Carmen C.W. Roest, Annelieke M. de Jonge, Peter Aguilar-Gaxiola, Sergio Al-Hamzawi, Ali Alonso, Jordi Benjet, Corina Bromet, Evelyn J. Bruffaerts, Ronny de Girolamo, Giovanni Florescu, Silvia Gureje, Oye Haro, Josep Maria Harris, Meredith G. He, Yanling Hinkov, Hristo Horiguchi, Itsuko Hu, Chiyi Karam, Aimee Karam, Elie G. Lee, Sing Lepine, Jean Pierre Navarro-Mateu, Fernando Pennell, Beth Ellen Piazza, Marina Posada-Villa, Jose ten Have, Margreet Torres, Yolanda Viana, Maria Carmen Wojtyniak, Bogdan Xavier, Miguel Kessler, Ronald C. Scott, Kate M. Al-Kaisy, Mohammed Salih Andrade, Laura Helena Borges, Guilherme Bunting, Brendan Caldas-de-Almeida, José M Cardoso, Graca Cia, Alfredo H. Chatterji, Somnath Degenhardt, Louisa Demyttenaere, Koen Fayyad, John Hu, Chi yi Huang, Yueqin Kawakami, Norito Kiejna, Andrzej Kovess-Masfety, Viviane Levinson, Daphna McGrath, John Medina-Mora, Maria Elena Moskalewicz, Jacek Slade, Tim Stagnaro, Juan Carlos Taib, Nezar Whiteford, Harvey Williams, David R. |
author_role |
author |
author2 |
Lim, Carmen C.W. Roest, Annelieke M. de Jonge, Peter Aguilar-Gaxiola, Sergio Al-Hamzawi, Ali Alonso, Jordi Benjet, Corina Bromet, Evelyn J. Bruffaerts, Ronny de Girolamo, Giovanni Florescu, Silvia Gureje, Oye Haro, Josep Maria Harris, Meredith G. He, Yanling Hinkov, Hristo Horiguchi, Itsuko Hu, Chiyi Karam, Aimee Karam, Elie G. Lee, Sing Lepine, Jean Pierre Navarro-Mateu, Fernando Pennell, Beth Ellen Piazza, Marina Posada-Villa, Jose ten Have, Margreet Torres, Yolanda Viana, Maria Carmen Wojtyniak, Bogdan Xavier, Miguel Kessler, Ronald C. Scott, Kate M. Al-Kaisy, Mohammed Salih Andrade, Laura Helena Borges, Guilherme Bunting, Brendan Caldas-de-Almeida, José M Cardoso, Graca Cia, Alfredo H. Chatterji, Somnath Degenhardt, Louisa Demyttenaere, Koen Fayyad, John Hu, Chi yi Huang, Yueqin Kawakami, Norito Kiejna, Andrzej Kovess-Masfety, Viviane Levinson, Daphna McGrath, John Medina-Mora, Maria Elena Moskalewicz, Jacek Slade, Tim Stagnaro, Juan Carlos Taib, Nezar Whiteford, Harvey Williams, David R. |
author2_role |
author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author |
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv |
NOVA Medical School|Faculdade de Ciências Médicas (NMS|FCM) Centro de Estudos de Doenças Crónicas (CEDOC) RUN |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Stein, Dan J. Lim, Carmen C.W. Roest, Annelieke M. de Jonge, Peter Aguilar-Gaxiola, Sergio Al-Hamzawi, Ali Alonso, Jordi Benjet, Corina Bromet, Evelyn J. Bruffaerts, Ronny de Girolamo, Giovanni Florescu, Silvia Gureje, Oye Haro, Josep Maria Harris, Meredith G. He, Yanling Hinkov, Hristo Horiguchi, Itsuko Hu, Chiyi Karam, Aimee Karam, Elie G. Lee, Sing Lepine, Jean Pierre Navarro-Mateu, Fernando Pennell, Beth Ellen Piazza, Marina Posada-Villa, Jose ten Have, Margreet Torres, Yolanda Viana, Maria Carmen Wojtyniak, Bogdan Xavier, Miguel Kessler, Ronald C. Scott, Kate M. Al-Kaisy, Mohammed Salih Alonso, Jordi Andrade, Laura Helena Borges, Guilherme Bunting, Brendan Caldas-de-Almeida, José M Cardoso, Graca Cia, Alfredo H. Chatterji, Somnath Degenhardt, Louisa Demyttenaere, Koen Fayyad, John Hu, Chi yi Huang, Yueqin Kawakami, Norito Kiejna, Andrzej Kovess-Masfety, Viviane Levinson, Daphna McGrath, John Medina-Mora, Maria Elena Moskalewicz, Jacek Pennell, Beth Ellen Slade, Tim Stagnaro, Juan Carlos Taib, Nezar Whiteford, Harvey Williams, David R. |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
Cross-national epidemiology Social anxiety disorder Social phobia World Mental Health Survey Initiative Medicine(all) SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being |
topic |
Cross-national epidemiology Social anxiety disorder Social phobia World Mental Health Survey Initiative Medicine(all) SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being |
description |
Background: There is evidence that social anxiety disorder (SAD) is a prevalent and disabling disorder. However, most of the available data on the epidemiology of this condition originate from high income countries in the West. The World Mental Health (WMH) Survey Initiative provides an opportunity to investigate the prevalence, course, impairment, socio-demographic correlates, comorbidity, and treatment of this condition across a range of high, middle, and low income countries in different geographic regions of the world, and to address the question of whether differences in SAD merely reflect differences in threshold for diagnosis. Methods: Data from 28 community surveys in the WMH Survey Initiative, with 142,405 respondents, were analyzed. We assessed the 30-day, 12-month, and lifetime prevalence of SAD, age of onset, and severity of role impairment associated with SAD, across countries. In addition, we investigated socio-demographic correlates of SAD, comorbidity of SAD with other mental disorders, and treatment of SAD in the combined sample. Cross-tabulations were used to calculate prevalence, impairment, comorbidity, and treatment. Survival analysis was used to estimate age of onset, and logistic regression and survival analyses were used to examine socio-demographic correlates. Results: SAD 30-day, 12-month, and lifetime prevalence estimates are 1.3, 2.4, and 4.0% across all countries. SAD prevalence rates are lowest in low/lower-middle income countries and in the African and Eastern Mediterranean regions, and highest in high income countries and in the Americas and the Western Pacific regions. Age of onset is early across the globe, and persistence is highest in upper-middle income countries, Africa, and the Eastern Mediterranean. There are some differences in domains of severe role impairment by country income level and geographic region, but there are no significant differences across different income level and geographic region in the proportion of respondents with any severe role impairment. Also, across countries SAD is associated with specific socio-demographic features (younger age, female gender, unmarried status, lower education, and lower income) and with similar patterns of comorbidity. Treatment rates for those with any impairment are lowest in low/lower-middle income countries and highest in high income countries. Conclusions: While differences in SAD prevalence across countries are apparent, we found a number of consistent patterns across the globe, including early age of onset, persistence, impairment in multiple domains, as well as characteristic socio-demographic correlates and associated psychiatric comorbidities. In addition, while there are some differences in the patterns of impairment associated with SAD across the globe, key similarities suggest that the threshold for diagnosis is similar regardless of country income levels or geographic location. Taken together, these cross-national data emphasize the international clinical and public health significance of SAD. |
publishDate |
2017 |
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2017-09-29T22:04:15Z 2017-07-31 2017-07-31T00:00:00Z |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
format |
article |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-017-0889-2 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-017-0889-2 |
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv |
eng |
language |
eng |
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv |
1741-7015 PURE: 3158063 http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85026466440&partnerID=8YFLogxK https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-017-0889-2 |
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv |
21 application/pdf |
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Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) |
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Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) |
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Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) - Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informação |
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