Exploitative sham marriages as a form of human trafficking in the European Union
Autor(a) principal: | |
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Data de Publicação: | 2021 |
Tipo de documento: | Dissertação |
Idioma: | eng |
Título da fonte: | Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) |
Texto Completo: | http://hdl.handle.net/10284/10633 |
Resumo: | The aim of this research is to analyse exploitative sham marriages as a form of human trafficking. While there exist several studies focusing on other forms of human trafficking and their impact on societies, little research has been conducted on sham marriages as a form of trafficking in human beings. This dissertation pursues to deepen the knowledge in this area within the scientific field of Criminology, exploring how exploitative sham marriages are prevented in the European Union. Using documentary analysis as a research method, this dissertation examines how academics, international institutions and agencies understand and define sham marriage in different publications, and how sham marriages and exploitative sham marriages are regulated in the criminal codes of the EU countries. Since gathering comparable information from all 27 EU countries was not possible due to limitations of time, language and amount of public data, the action measures executed in the Baltic states are utilized as a case study to represent how victim identification and training of experts are proceeding in the field of human trafficking and sham marriages. Nevertheless, whenever possible, data on other EU countries are used to enhance the comprehensiveness of the analysis. The findings of this research show that the current national and international policies in the EU do not support an effective counterstrategy against exploitative sham marriages, resulting in inadequate victim identification, lack of tools to convict traffickers and therefore inaccurate statistics of the crime. Based on those findings, several recommendations are provided, in particular, about the need of a clear and encompassing definition for sham marriage and exploitative sham marriage, the importance of harmonizing criminal legislation among EU countries, of raising awareness (including general population and vulnerable groups), as well as of encouraging systematic cooperation between EU countries and the actors working in the field of human trafficking. |
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Exploitative sham marriages as a form of human trafficking in the European UnionExploitative sham marriageSham marriageHuman traffickingEuropean UnionOrganised crimeCasamento fictício com finalidade de exploraçãoTráfico de seres humanosUnião EuropeiaCrime organizadoDomínio/Área Científica::Ciências Sociais::DireitoDomínio/Área Científica::Ciências Sociais::PsicologiaThe aim of this research is to analyse exploitative sham marriages as a form of human trafficking. While there exist several studies focusing on other forms of human trafficking and their impact on societies, little research has been conducted on sham marriages as a form of trafficking in human beings. This dissertation pursues to deepen the knowledge in this area within the scientific field of Criminology, exploring how exploitative sham marriages are prevented in the European Union. Using documentary analysis as a research method, this dissertation examines how academics, international institutions and agencies understand and define sham marriage in different publications, and how sham marriages and exploitative sham marriages are regulated in the criminal codes of the EU countries. Since gathering comparable information from all 27 EU countries was not possible due to limitations of time, language and amount of public data, the action measures executed in the Baltic states are utilized as a case study to represent how victim identification and training of experts are proceeding in the field of human trafficking and sham marriages. Nevertheless, whenever possible, data on other EU countries are used to enhance the comprehensiveness of the analysis. The findings of this research show that the current national and international policies in the EU do not support an effective counterstrategy against exploitative sham marriages, resulting in inadequate victim identification, lack of tools to convict traffickers and therefore inaccurate statistics of the crime. Based on those findings, several recommendations are provided, in particular, about the need of a clear and encompassing definition for sham marriage and exploitative sham marriage, the importance of harmonizing criminal legislation among EU countries, of raising awareness (including general population and vulnerable groups), as well as of encouraging systematic cooperation between EU countries and the actors working in the field of human trafficking.O objetivo desta investigação é analisar os casamentos fictícios com finalidade exploratória como uma forma de tráfico de seres humanos. Embora existam vários estudos acerca de outras formas de tráfico de pessoas e do seu impacto social, foram realizadas poucas investigações acerca de casamentos fictícios como uma forma de tráfico de pessoas. Esta investigação pretende aprofundar o conhecimento nesta área, dentro do campo científico da Criminologia, explorando a forma como são prevenidos os casamentos fictícios na União Europeia. Usando a análise documental como método de pesquisa, esta dissertação examina a forma como académicos, instituições e agências internacionais entendem e definem o casamento fictício em diferentes publicações, e o modo como os casamentos fictícios e os casamentos fictícios com finalidade de exploração são regulados pelos códigos penais dos países da União Europeia. Uma vez que as limitações de tempo, linguísticas e de disponibilidade de dados não possibilitaram a recolha de dados passíveis de comparação relativamente aos 27 países da EU, as medidas de ação desenvolvidas nos Países Bálticos são usadas como um ‘estudo de caso’ para ilustrar o modo como a identificação de vítimas e o treino de especialistas estão a ser desenvolvidos no domínio do tráfico de seres humanos e de casamentos fictícios. Sempre que possível, os dados de outros países da UE são utilizados para potenciar a abrangência da análise. Os resultados desta investigação mostram que as atuais políticas nacionais e internacionais na UE não sustentam uma ação eficaz contra os casamentos fictícios com finalidade de exploração, com repercussões na identificação inadequada das vítimas, na falta de ferramentas para condenar os traficantes e em estatísticas imprecisas. Com base nesses resultados, são feitas várias recomendações, em particular sobre a importância de se usar uma definição clara e abrangente para casamento fictício e casamento fictício com finalidades de exploração, da importância de harmonizar a legislação penal dos países da UE, de promover a sensibilização da população (em geral e também em grupos vulneráveis), bem como encorajar a cooperação sistemática e entre países da UE e os diferentes intervenientes que trabalham no domínio do tráfico de seres humanos.Afonso, LígiaRepositório Institucional da Universidade Fernando PessoaTikka, Riina Maria2022-01-13T12:54:04Z2021-11-192021-11-19T00:00:00Zinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesisapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/10284/10633TID:202989291enginfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessreponame:Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos)instname:Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informaçãoinstacron:RCAAP2024-02-27T02:04:12Zoai:bdigital.ufp.pt:10284/10633Portal AgregadorONGhttps://www.rcaap.pt/oai/openaireopendoar:71602024-03-19T15:47:24.336840Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) - Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informaçãofalse |
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
Exploitative sham marriages as a form of human trafficking in the European Union |
title |
Exploitative sham marriages as a form of human trafficking in the European Union |
spellingShingle |
Exploitative sham marriages as a form of human trafficking in the European Union Tikka, Riina Maria Exploitative sham marriage Sham marriage Human trafficking European Union Organised crime Casamento fictício com finalidade de exploração Tráfico de seres humanos União Europeia Crime organizado Domínio/Área Científica::Ciências Sociais::Direito Domínio/Área Científica::Ciências Sociais::Psicologia |
title_short |
Exploitative sham marriages as a form of human trafficking in the European Union |
title_full |
Exploitative sham marriages as a form of human trafficking in the European Union |
title_fullStr |
Exploitative sham marriages as a form of human trafficking in the European Union |
title_full_unstemmed |
Exploitative sham marriages as a form of human trafficking in the European Union |
title_sort |
Exploitative sham marriages as a form of human trafficking in the European Union |
author |
Tikka, Riina Maria |
author_facet |
Tikka, Riina Maria |
author_role |
author |
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv |
Afonso, Lígia Repositório Institucional da Universidade Fernando Pessoa |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Tikka, Riina Maria |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
Exploitative sham marriage Sham marriage Human trafficking European Union Organised crime Casamento fictício com finalidade de exploração Tráfico de seres humanos União Europeia Crime organizado Domínio/Área Científica::Ciências Sociais::Direito Domínio/Área Científica::Ciências Sociais::Psicologia |
topic |
Exploitative sham marriage Sham marriage Human trafficking European Union Organised crime Casamento fictício com finalidade de exploração Tráfico de seres humanos União Europeia Crime organizado Domínio/Área Científica::Ciências Sociais::Direito Domínio/Área Científica::Ciências Sociais::Psicologia |
description |
The aim of this research is to analyse exploitative sham marriages as a form of human trafficking. While there exist several studies focusing on other forms of human trafficking and their impact on societies, little research has been conducted on sham marriages as a form of trafficking in human beings. This dissertation pursues to deepen the knowledge in this area within the scientific field of Criminology, exploring how exploitative sham marriages are prevented in the European Union. Using documentary analysis as a research method, this dissertation examines how academics, international institutions and agencies understand and define sham marriage in different publications, and how sham marriages and exploitative sham marriages are regulated in the criminal codes of the EU countries. Since gathering comparable information from all 27 EU countries was not possible due to limitations of time, language and amount of public data, the action measures executed in the Baltic states are utilized as a case study to represent how victim identification and training of experts are proceeding in the field of human trafficking and sham marriages. Nevertheless, whenever possible, data on other EU countries are used to enhance the comprehensiveness of the analysis. The findings of this research show that the current national and international policies in the EU do not support an effective counterstrategy against exploitative sham marriages, resulting in inadequate victim identification, lack of tools to convict traffickers and therefore inaccurate statistics of the crime. Based on those findings, several recommendations are provided, in particular, about the need of a clear and encompassing definition for sham marriage and exploitative sham marriage, the importance of harmonizing criminal legislation among EU countries, of raising awareness (including general population and vulnerable groups), as well as of encouraging systematic cooperation between EU countries and the actors working in the field of human trafficking. |
publishDate |
2021 |
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2021-11-19 2021-11-19T00:00:00Z 2022-01-13T12:54:04Z |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
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info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis |
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http://hdl.handle.net/10284/10633 TID:202989291 |
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eng |
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openAccess |
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