Epidemiological, behavioural and molecular profile of individuals newly diagnosed with HIV-1 in Cabo Verde

• Autor(a) principal: da Veiga Leal, Silvânia
• Data de Publicação: 2024
• Outros Autores: de Pina Araújo, Isabel Inês, Pimentel, Victor, Parreira, Ricardo, Gonçalves, Paloma, Pingarilho, Marta, Taveira, Nuno, Barroso Abecasis, Ana
• Tipo de documento: Artigo
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos)
• Texto Completo: https://doi.org/10.25761/anaisihmt.455

Introduction: The diagnosis of HIV with Transmitted Drug Resistance Mutations (TDR) limits therapeutic options and consequently complicates the management of HIV-1 cases. Objective: The aim of this study was to describe the molecular epidemiological profile and TDR in individuals newly diagnosed with HIV-1 from 2018 to 2020. Materials and methods: The HIV-1 pol gene was amplified and sequenced using the Sanger method. The analysis of the genomic sequence was performed using the Stanford Calibrated Population Resistance tool to detect transmitted drug resistance mutations, and resistance levels to different drugs were analyzed based on the Stanford HIVdb Program algorithm. Epidemiological and behavioral data were obtained through questionnaires. Results: Out of 176 participants newly diagnosed with HIV-1, 52.3% were male and 47.2% were female, with the majority falling within the age group of 35 to 64 years. Heterosexual contact was the reported mode of transmission in most cases (92.6%). 73 sequences were successfully genotyped. CRF02_AG (41%) was the most prevalent subtype, followed by subtype G (37%) and B (10%). TDR was present in 9.6% (n=7) of cases. The prevalence of mutations associated with Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors was 2.75%, and for Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors, it was 9.6% (n=7). K103N (5.5%) and M184V (2.7%) were the most prevalent mutations. The majority of mutations were detected in CRF02_AG strains (57.1%). Conclusion: The high resistance to NNRTIs may compromise the effectiveness of therapeutic regimens, highlighting the need to consider the use of an integrase inhibitor, such as Dolutegravir, as a first-line treatment option, in addition to continuous monitoring to ensure its effectiveness and durability.