Touch-screen-guided task reveals a prosocial choice tendency by chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)

Detalhes bibliográficos
Autor(a) principal: Mendonça, Renata S.
Data de Publicação: 2018
Outros Autores: Dahl, Christoph D., Carvalho, Susana, Matsuzawa, Tetsuro, Adachi, Ikuma
Tipo de documento: Artigo
Idioma: eng
Título da fonte: Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos)
Texto Completo: http://hdl.handle.net/10400.1/11419
Resumo: Humans help others even without direct benefit for themselves. However, the nature of altruistic (i.e., only the other benefits) and prosocial (i.e., self and other both benefit) behaviors in our closest living relative, the chimpanzee, remains controversial. To address this further, we developed a touch-screen-guided task that allowed us to increase the number of trials for a thorough test of chimpanzees' prosocial and altruistic tendencies. Mother-offspring dyads were tested in the same compartment; one was the actor while the other was the recipient. In Experiment 1, the actor chose among three options: prosocial, selfish (only the actor benefited) and altruistic. To better understand the nature of the chimpanzees' choices and to improve experimental control, we conducted two additional experiments. Experiment 2 consisted of two-option choices interspersed with three-option choices, and in Experiment 3 the two-option choice were blocked across all trials. The results of Experiment 1 clearly showed that chimpanzees acted prosocially in the touch-screen-guided task, choosing the prosocial option on an average of 79% of choices. Five out of the six chimpanzees showed the preference to act prosocially against chance level. The preference for the prosocial option persisted when conditions were changed in Experiments 2 and 3. When only selfish and altruistic options were available in Experiments 2 and 3, chimpanzees preferred the selfish option. These results suggest that (1) most individuals understood the nature of the task and modified their behavior according to the available options, (2) five out of the six chimpanzees chose to act prosocially when they had the option to, and (3) offspring counterbalanced between altruistic and selfish, when given those two options perhaps to avoid suffering repercussions from the mother.
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spelling Touch-screen-guided task reveals a prosocial choice tendency by chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)West-African ChimpanzeesUnrelated Group MembersWild ChimpanzeesCapuchin MonkeysHuman AltruismNational-ParkConspecificsCooperationReciprocityBehaviorHumans help others even without direct benefit for themselves. However, the nature of altruistic (i.e., only the other benefits) and prosocial (i.e., self and other both benefit) behaviors in our closest living relative, the chimpanzee, remains controversial. To address this further, we developed a touch-screen-guided task that allowed us to increase the number of trials for a thorough test of chimpanzees' prosocial and altruistic tendencies. Mother-offspring dyads were tested in the same compartment; one was the actor while the other was the recipient. In Experiment 1, the actor chose among three options: prosocial, selfish (only the actor benefited) and altruistic. To better understand the nature of the chimpanzees' choices and to improve experimental control, we conducted two additional experiments. Experiment 2 consisted of two-option choices interspersed with three-option choices, and in Experiment 3 the two-option choice were blocked across all trials. The results of Experiment 1 clearly showed that chimpanzees acted prosocially in the touch-screen-guided task, choosing the prosocial option on an average of 79% of choices. Five out of the six chimpanzees showed the preference to act prosocially against chance level. The preference for the prosocial option persisted when conditions were changed in Experiments 2 and 3. When only selfish and altruistic options were available in Experiments 2 and 3, chimpanzees preferred the selfish option. These results suggest that (1) most individuals understood the nature of the task and modified their behavior according to the available options, (2) five out of the six chimpanzees chose to act prosocially when they had the option to, and (3) offspring counterbalanced between altruistic and selfish, when given those two options perhaps to avoid suffering repercussions from the mother.Ministry of Education, Science, Sports and Culture, Japan [24000001]; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS); [16H06283]; [22700270]Peerj IncSapientiaMendonça, Renata S.Dahl, Christoph D.Carvalho, SusanaMatsuzawa, TetsuroAdachi, Ikuma2018-12-07T14:53:14Z2018-072018-07-01T00:00:00Zinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/articleapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/10400.1/11419eng2167-835910.7717/peerj.5315info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessreponame:Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos)instname:Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informaçãoinstacron:RCAAP2023-07-24T10:23:13Zoai:sapientia.ualg.pt:10400.1/11419Portal AgregadorONGhttps://www.rcaap.pt/oai/openaireopendoar:71602024-03-19T20:02:55.900081Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) - Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informaçãofalse
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Touch-screen-guided task reveals a prosocial choice tendency by chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)
title Touch-screen-guided task reveals a prosocial choice tendency by chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)
spellingShingle Touch-screen-guided task reveals a prosocial choice tendency by chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)
Mendonça, Renata S.
West-African Chimpanzees
Unrelated Group Members
Wild Chimpanzees
Capuchin Monkeys
Human Altruism
National-Park
Conspecifics
Cooperation
Reciprocity
Behavior
title_short Touch-screen-guided task reveals a prosocial choice tendency by chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)
title_full Touch-screen-guided task reveals a prosocial choice tendency by chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)
title_fullStr Touch-screen-guided task reveals a prosocial choice tendency by chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)
title_full_unstemmed Touch-screen-guided task reveals a prosocial choice tendency by chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)
title_sort Touch-screen-guided task reveals a prosocial choice tendency by chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)
author Mendonça, Renata S.
author_facet Mendonça, Renata S.
Dahl, Christoph D.
Carvalho, Susana
Matsuzawa, Tetsuro
Adachi, Ikuma
author_role author
author2 Dahl, Christoph D.
Carvalho, Susana
Matsuzawa, Tetsuro
Adachi, Ikuma
author2_role author
author
author
author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv Sapientia
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv Mendonça, Renata S.
Dahl, Christoph D.
Carvalho, Susana
Matsuzawa, Tetsuro
Adachi, Ikuma
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv West-African Chimpanzees
Unrelated Group Members
Wild Chimpanzees
Capuchin Monkeys
Human Altruism
National-Park
Conspecifics
Cooperation
Reciprocity
Behavior
topic West-African Chimpanzees
Unrelated Group Members
Wild Chimpanzees
Capuchin Monkeys
Human Altruism
National-Park
Conspecifics
Cooperation
Reciprocity
Behavior
description Humans help others even without direct benefit for themselves. However, the nature of altruistic (i.e., only the other benefits) and prosocial (i.e., self and other both benefit) behaviors in our closest living relative, the chimpanzee, remains controversial. To address this further, we developed a touch-screen-guided task that allowed us to increase the number of trials for a thorough test of chimpanzees' prosocial and altruistic tendencies. Mother-offspring dyads were tested in the same compartment; one was the actor while the other was the recipient. In Experiment 1, the actor chose among three options: prosocial, selfish (only the actor benefited) and altruistic. To better understand the nature of the chimpanzees' choices and to improve experimental control, we conducted two additional experiments. Experiment 2 consisted of two-option choices interspersed with three-option choices, and in Experiment 3 the two-option choice were blocked across all trials. The results of Experiment 1 clearly showed that chimpanzees acted prosocially in the touch-screen-guided task, choosing the prosocial option on an average of 79% of choices. Five out of the six chimpanzees showed the preference to act prosocially against chance level. The preference for the prosocial option persisted when conditions were changed in Experiments 2 and 3. When only selfish and altruistic options were available in Experiments 2 and 3, chimpanzees preferred the selfish option. These results suggest that (1) most individuals understood the nature of the task and modified their behavior according to the available options, (2) five out of the six chimpanzees chose to act prosocially when they had the option to, and (3) offspring counterbalanced between altruistic and selfish, when given those two options perhaps to avoid suffering repercussions from the mother.
publishDate 2018
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2018-12-07T14:53:14Z
2018-07
2018-07-01T00:00:00Z
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/10400.1/11419
url http://hdl.handle.net/10400.1/11419
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv eng
language eng
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv 2167-8359
10.7717/peerj.5315
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Peerj Inc
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Peerj Inc
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos)
instname:Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informação
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instname_str Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informação
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reponame_str Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos)
collection Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos)
repository.name.fl_str_mv Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) - Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informação
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