Touch-screen-guided task reveals a prosocial choice tendency by chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)
Autor(a) principal: | |
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Data de Publicação: | 2018 |
Outros Autores: | , , , |
Tipo de documento: | Artigo |
Idioma: | eng |
Título da fonte: | Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) |
Texto Completo: | http://hdl.handle.net/10400.1/11419 |
Resumo: | Humans help others even without direct benefit for themselves. However, the nature of altruistic (i.e., only the other benefits) and prosocial (i.e., self and other both benefit) behaviors in our closest living relative, the chimpanzee, remains controversial. To address this further, we developed a touch-screen-guided task that allowed us to increase the number of trials for a thorough test of chimpanzees' prosocial and altruistic tendencies. Mother-offspring dyads were tested in the same compartment; one was the actor while the other was the recipient. In Experiment 1, the actor chose among three options: prosocial, selfish (only the actor benefited) and altruistic. To better understand the nature of the chimpanzees' choices and to improve experimental control, we conducted two additional experiments. Experiment 2 consisted of two-option choices interspersed with three-option choices, and in Experiment 3 the two-option choice were blocked across all trials. The results of Experiment 1 clearly showed that chimpanzees acted prosocially in the touch-screen-guided task, choosing the prosocial option on an average of 79% of choices. Five out of the six chimpanzees showed the preference to act prosocially against chance level. The preference for the prosocial option persisted when conditions were changed in Experiments 2 and 3. When only selfish and altruistic options were available in Experiments 2 and 3, chimpanzees preferred the selfish option. These results suggest that (1) most individuals understood the nature of the task and modified their behavior according to the available options, (2) five out of the six chimpanzees chose to act prosocially when they had the option to, and (3) offspring counterbalanced between altruistic and selfish, when given those two options perhaps to avoid suffering repercussions from the mother. |
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Touch-screen-guided task reveals a prosocial choice tendency by chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)West-African ChimpanzeesUnrelated Group MembersWild ChimpanzeesCapuchin MonkeysHuman AltruismNational-ParkConspecificsCooperationReciprocityBehaviorHumans help others even without direct benefit for themselves. However, the nature of altruistic (i.e., only the other benefits) and prosocial (i.e., self and other both benefit) behaviors in our closest living relative, the chimpanzee, remains controversial. To address this further, we developed a touch-screen-guided task that allowed us to increase the number of trials for a thorough test of chimpanzees' prosocial and altruistic tendencies. Mother-offspring dyads were tested in the same compartment; one was the actor while the other was the recipient. In Experiment 1, the actor chose among three options: prosocial, selfish (only the actor benefited) and altruistic. To better understand the nature of the chimpanzees' choices and to improve experimental control, we conducted two additional experiments. Experiment 2 consisted of two-option choices interspersed with three-option choices, and in Experiment 3 the two-option choice were blocked across all trials. The results of Experiment 1 clearly showed that chimpanzees acted prosocially in the touch-screen-guided task, choosing the prosocial option on an average of 79% of choices. Five out of the six chimpanzees showed the preference to act prosocially against chance level. The preference for the prosocial option persisted when conditions were changed in Experiments 2 and 3. When only selfish and altruistic options were available in Experiments 2 and 3, chimpanzees preferred the selfish option. These results suggest that (1) most individuals understood the nature of the task and modified their behavior according to the available options, (2) five out of the six chimpanzees chose to act prosocially when they had the option to, and (3) offspring counterbalanced between altruistic and selfish, when given those two options perhaps to avoid suffering repercussions from the mother.Ministry of Education, Science, Sports and Culture, Japan [24000001]; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS); [16H06283]; [22700270]Peerj IncSapientiaMendonça, Renata S.Dahl, Christoph D.Carvalho, SusanaMatsuzawa, TetsuroAdachi, Ikuma2018-12-07T14:53:14Z2018-072018-07-01T00:00:00Zinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/articleapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/10400.1/11419eng2167-835910.7717/peerj.5315info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessreponame:Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos)instname:Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informaçãoinstacron:RCAAP2023-07-24T10:23:13Zoai:sapientia.ualg.pt:10400.1/11419Portal AgregadorONGhttps://www.rcaap.pt/oai/openaireopendoar:71602024-03-19T20:02:55.900081Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) - Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informaçãofalse |
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
Touch-screen-guided task reveals a prosocial choice tendency by chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) |
title |
Touch-screen-guided task reveals a prosocial choice tendency by chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) |
spellingShingle |
Touch-screen-guided task reveals a prosocial choice tendency by chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) Mendonça, Renata S. West-African Chimpanzees Unrelated Group Members Wild Chimpanzees Capuchin Monkeys Human Altruism National-Park Conspecifics Cooperation Reciprocity Behavior |
title_short |
Touch-screen-guided task reveals a prosocial choice tendency by chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) |
title_full |
Touch-screen-guided task reveals a prosocial choice tendency by chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) |
title_fullStr |
Touch-screen-guided task reveals a prosocial choice tendency by chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) |
title_full_unstemmed |
Touch-screen-guided task reveals a prosocial choice tendency by chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) |
title_sort |
Touch-screen-guided task reveals a prosocial choice tendency by chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) |
author |
Mendonça, Renata S. |
author_facet |
Mendonça, Renata S. Dahl, Christoph D. Carvalho, Susana Matsuzawa, Tetsuro Adachi, Ikuma |
author_role |
author |
author2 |
Dahl, Christoph D. Carvalho, Susana Matsuzawa, Tetsuro Adachi, Ikuma |
author2_role |
author author author author |
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv |
Sapientia |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Mendonça, Renata S. Dahl, Christoph D. Carvalho, Susana Matsuzawa, Tetsuro Adachi, Ikuma |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
West-African Chimpanzees Unrelated Group Members Wild Chimpanzees Capuchin Monkeys Human Altruism National-Park Conspecifics Cooperation Reciprocity Behavior |
topic |
West-African Chimpanzees Unrelated Group Members Wild Chimpanzees Capuchin Monkeys Human Altruism National-Park Conspecifics Cooperation Reciprocity Behavior |
description |
Humans help others even without direct benefit for themselves. However, the nature of altruistic (i.e., only the other benefits) and prosocial (i.e., self and other both benefit) behaviors in our closest living relative, the chimpanzee, remains controversial. To address this further, we developed a touch-screen-guided task that allowed us to increase the number of trials for a thorough test of chimpanzees' prosocial and altruistic tendencies. Mother-offspring dyads were tested in the same compartment; one was the actor while the other was the recipient. In Experiment 1, the actor chose among three options: prosocial, selfish (only the actor benefited) and altruistic. To better understand the nature of the chimpanzees' choices and to improve experimental control, we conducted two additional experiments. Experiment 2 consisted of two-option choices interspersed with three-option choices, and in Experiment 3 the two-option choice were blocked across all trials. The results of Experiment 1 clearly showed that chimpanzees acted prosocially in the touch-screen-guided task, choosing the prosocial option on an average of 79% of choices. Five out of the six chimpanzees showed the preference to act prosocially against chance level. The preference for the prosocial option persisted when conditions were changed in Experiments 2 and 3. When only selfish and altruistic options were available in Experiments 2 and 3, chimpanzees preferred the selfish option. These results suggest that (1) most individuals understood the nature of the task and modified their behavior according to the available options, (2) five out of the six chimpanzees chose to act prosocially when they had the option to, and (3) offspring counterbalanced between altruistic and selfish, when given those two options perhaps to avoid suffering repercussions from the mother. |
publishDate |
2018 |
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2018-12-07T14:53:14Z 2018-07 2018-07-01T00:00:00Z |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
format |
article |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
http://hdl.handle.net/10400.1/11419 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/10400.1/11419 |
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv |
eng |
language |
eng |
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv |
2167-8359 10.7717/peerj.5315 |
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv |
application/pdf |
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Peerj Inc |
publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Peerj Inc |
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv |
reponame:Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) instname:Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informação instacron:RCAAP |
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Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informação |
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RCAAP |
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RCAAP |
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Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) |
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Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) |
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Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) - Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informação |
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