EU Law Restitution Revisited: In Search of Lost Criteria
Autor(a) principal: | |
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Data de Publicação: | 2017 |
Tipo de documento: | Artigo |
Idioma: | eng |
Título da fonte: | Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) |
Texto Completo: | https://doi.org/10.7559/mclawreview.2017.351 |
Resumo: | Since Francovich it seems the damages remedy has become The Remedy for individuals suffering economic loss by reason of EU law infringements by Member States. There is however an alternative to damages in private enforcement of EU law, in fact an antecedent to Francovich: Restitution by reason of a breach of EU law. Nonetheless, the criteria for restitution from a Member State, by reason of its breach of WU law, still remain neglected in comparison to the close attention and debates surrounding the criteria for the damages action against Member State. The purpose of this contribution is thus to identify and to discuss the distinctive elements of restitution as a remedy in the event of a breach of EU law by a Member State. Focus is on the very criteria that constitute legal basis for a claim of restitution from a Member State under EU law and the extent to which those criteria should be governed by EU law or by national law. Less attention is devoted to exceptions from liability to make restitution, although their existence in the case law is duly noted. The criteria identified in the case law are (1) the existence of a substantive right conferred on the claimant by EU law, (2) the existence of a payment from the claimant, collect by or on behalf of Member State, (3) the incompatibility of the basis of that payment with EU law, and ((4) that the payment follows as an inevitable consequence of the breach of EU law by the Member State. Case law hints on the more precise legal content of the criteria are examined in an attempt to shed light on their proper interpretation and application. It is noted that the second and the third criteria cannot, on the basis of existing case law, be defined with precision. In that connection it is discussed whether the second criterion should be subdivided into two criteria: Impoverishment of the claimant and enrichment of the Member State. As regards to the fourth criterion it is noted that it is uncertain whether it applies at all. Finally it is submitted that some of the difficulties could be overcome if the Court of Justice were to distinguish clear cases of repayment of charges levied by a Member State institution or agency in breach of EU law from more difficult cases of possible liability by reason of the enrichment of Member States. |
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EU Law Restitution Revisited: In Search of Lost CriteriaSince Francovich it seems the damages remedy has become The Remedy for individuals suffering economic loss by reason of EU law infringements by Member States. There is however an alternative to damages in private enforcement of EU law, in fact an antecedent to Francovich: Restitution by reason of a breach of EU law. Nonetheless, the criteria for restitution from a Member State, by reason of its breach of WU law, still remain neglected in comparison to the close attention and debates surrounding the criteria for the damages action against Member State. The purpose of this contribution is thus to identify and to discuss the distinctive elements of restitution as a remedy in the event of a breach of EU law by a Member State. Focus is on the very criteria that constitute legal basis for a claim of restitution from a Member State under EU law and the extent to which those criteria should be governed by EU law or by national law. Less attention is devoted to exceptions from liability to make restitution, although their existence in the case law is duly noted. The criteria identified in the case law are (1) the existence of a substantive right conferred on the claimant by EU law, (2) the existence of a payment from the claimant, collect by or on behalf of Member State, (3) the incompatibility of the basis of that payment with EU law, and ((4) that the payment follows as an inevitable consequence of the breach of EU law by the Member State. Case law hints on the more precise legal content of the criteria are examined in an attempt to shed light on their proper interpretation and application. It is noted that the second and the third criteria cannot, on the basis of existing case law, be defined with precision. In that connection it is discussed whether the second criterion should be subdivided into two criteria: Impoverishment of the claimant and enrichment of the Member State. As regards to the fourth criterion it is noted that it is uncertain whether it applies at all. Finally it is submitted that some of the difficulties could be overcome if the Court of Justice were to distinguish clear cases of repayment of charges levied by a Member State institution or agency in breach of EU law from more difficult cases of possible liability by reason of the enrichment of Member States.Universidade Católica Editora2017-10-01T00:00:00Zjournal articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionapplication/pdfhttps://doi.org/10.7559/mclawreview.2017.351oai:ojs.revistas.ucp.pt:article/351Market and Competition Law Review; Vol 1 No 2 (2017); 101-139Market and Competition Law Review; v. 1 n. 2 (2017); 101-1392184-000810.7559/mclawreview.2017.1.2reponame:Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos)instname:Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informaçãoinstacron:RCAAPenghttps://revistas.ucp.pt/index.php/mclawreview/article/view/351https://doi.org/10.7559/mclawreview.2017.351https://revistas.ucp.pt/index.php/mclawreview/article/view/351/319Copyright (c) 2017 Magnus Strandhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessStrand, Magnus2022-09-23T15:10:26Zoai:ojs.revistas.ucp.pt:article/351Portal AgregadorONGhttps://www.rcaap.pt/oai/openaireopendoar:71602024-03-19T16:03:41.183994Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) - Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informaçãofalse |
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
EU Law Restitution Revisited: In Search of Lost Criteria |
title |
EU Law Restitution Revisited: In Search of Lost Criteria |
spellingShingle |
EU Law Restitution Revisited: In Search of Lost Criteria Strand, Magnus |
title_short |
EU Law Restitution Revisited: In Search of Lost Criteria |
title_full |
EU Law Restitution Revisited: In Search of Lost Criteria |
title_fullStr |
EU Law Restitution Revisited: In Search of Lost Criteria |
title_full_unstemmed |
EU Law Restitution Revisited: In Search of Lost Criteria |
title_sort |
EU Law Restitution Revisited: In Search of Lost Criteria |
author |
Strand, Magnus |
author_facet |
Strand, Magnus |
author_role |
author |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Strand, Magnus |
description |
Since Francovich it seems the damages remedy has become The Remedy for individuals suffering economic loss by reason of EU law infringements by Member States. There is however an alternative to damages in private enforcement of EU law, in fact an antecedent to Francovich: Restitution by reason of a breach of EU law. Nonetheless, the criteria for restitution from a Member State, by reason of its breach of WU law, still remain neglected in comparison to the close attention and debates surrounding the criteria for the damages action against Member State. The purpose of this contribution is thus to identify and to discuss the distinctive elements of restitution as a remedy in the event of a breach of EU law by a Member State. Focus is on the very criteria that constitute legal basis for a claim of restitution from a Member State under EU law and the extent to which those criteria should be governed by EU law or by national law. Less attention is devoted to exceptions from liability to make restitution, although their existence in the case law is duly noted. The criteria identified in the case law are (1) the existence of a substantive right conferred on the claimant by EU law, (2) the existence of a payment from the claimant, collect by or on behalf of Member State, (3) the incompatibility of the basis of that payment with EU law, and ((4) that the payment follows as an inevitable consequence of the breach of EU law by the Member State. Case law hints on the more precise legal content of the criteria are examined in an attempt to shed light on their proper interpretation and application. It is noted that the second and the third criteria cannot, on the basis of existing case law, be defined with precision. In that connection it is discussed whether the second criterion should be subdivided into two criteria: Impoverishment of the claimant and enrichment of the Member State. As regards to the fourth criterion it is noted that it is uncertain whether it applies at all. Finally it is submitted that some of the difficulties could be overcome if the Court of Justice were to distinguish clear cases of repayment of charges levied by a Member State institution or agency in breach of EU law from more difficult cases of possible liability by reason of the enrichment of Member States. |
publishDate |
2017 |
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2017-10-01T00:00:00Z |
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journal article info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
format |
article |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
https://doi.org/10.7559/mclawreview.2017.351 oai:ojs.revistas.ucp.pt:article/351 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.7559/mclawreview.2017.351 |
identifier_str_mv |
oai:ojs.revistas.ucp.pt:article/351 |
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv |
eng |
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eng |
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv |
https://revistas.ucp.pt/index.php/mclawreview/article/view/351 https://doi.org/10.7559/mclawreview.2017.351 https://revistas.ucp.pt/index.php/mclawreview/article/view/351/319 |
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv |
Copyright (c) 2017 Magnus Strand http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
rights_invalid_str_mv |
Copyright (c) 2017 Magnus Strand http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 |
eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
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application/pdf |
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Universidade Católica Editora |
publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Universidade Católica Editora |
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv |
Market and Competition Law Review; Vol 1 No 2 (2017); 101-139 Market and Competition Law Review; v. 1 n. 2 (2017); 101-139 2184-0008 10.7559/mclawreview.2017.1.2 reponame:Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) instname:Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informação instacron:RCAAP |
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Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informação |
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RCAAP |
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RCAAP |
reponame_str |
Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) |
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Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) |
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Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) - Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informação |
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