Canine Indolent Lymphoma - a comprehensive review

• Autor(a) principal: Férin, Lua Pereira
• Data de Publicação: 2023
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: eng
• Título da fonte: Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos)
• Texto Completo: http://hdl.handle.net/10400.26/49086
• topic: Aetiology; Diagnosis; Dog; Indolent lymphoma; Subtypes; Treatment and survival; Cão; Diagnóstico; Etiologia; Linfoma indolente; Subtipos; Tratamento e sobrevivência

Approximately 5 to 29% of canine lymphoma are indolent lymphomas. These lymphomas are classified as low grade, associated with small cells, which could be B or T-cell types. They have a low mitotic index and characteristically progress slowly. The complete aetiology of canine lymphoma seems unclear, but several causes could be established, both external and internal, namely the type of environment (industrial areas and polluted sites) and genetic factors. According to the World Health Organization classification, there are different subtypes of indolent lymphomas: marginal zone lymphoma, follicular lymphoma and mantle cell lymphoma, T-zone lymphoma, small lymphocytic lymphoma, lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma, T-cell rich B-cell lymphoma and intestinal small cell lymphoma. Recent studies have suggested that T-zone lymphoma is the most common subtype of indolent lymphomas in dogs. Despite advanced stages of the disease, dogs with indolent lymphomas maintain normal activity and appetite levels. There are several diagnostic techniques described to establish a specific diagnosis of lymphoma in canines, with flow cytometry of fine needle aspirates gaining popularity as a first-line analysis technique. Treatment approaches for indolent lymphomas should be tailored to the histological subtype, as there is no universal therapeutic approach. The primary goal of therapy is disease control (stable disease or partial response), as complete remission is rare in indolent lymphomas. Chemotherapy, immunochemotherapy, and surgery have varying recommendations depending on the specific subtype of indolent lymphoma. Overall, studies have shown that dogs with indolent lymphoma can live for years without aggressive chemotherapy. However, dogs with indolent lowgrade lymphomas have a survival advantage over dogs with intermediate and high-grade lymphomas. Furthermore, research indicates that dogs with indolent lymphomas experience prolonged survival times, often without treatment. Due to the limited research on this disease in veterinary oncology, further studies are needed to enhance the efficacy of diagnosis and treatment, ultimately improving the quality of life for affected dogs.