An ultra-low-cost RCL-meter
Autor(a) principal: | |
---|---|
Data de Publicação: | 2022 |
Outros Autores: | , |
Tipo de documento: | Artigo |
Idioma: | eng |
Título da fonte: | Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) |
Texto Completo: | http://hdl.handle.net/10400.1/17746 |
Resumo: | An ultra-low-cost RCL meter, aimed at IoT applications, was developed, and was used to measure electrical components based on standard techniques without the need of additional electronics beyond the AVR<sup>®</sup> micro-controller hardware itself and high-level routines. The models and pseudo-routines required to measure admittance parameters are described, and a benchmark between the ATmega328P and ATmega32U4 AVR<sup>®</sup> micro-controllers was performed to validate the resistance and capacitance measurements. Both ATmega328P and ATmega32U4 micro-controllers could measure isolated resistances from 0.5 Ω to 80 MΩ and capacitances from 100 fF to 4.7 mF. Inductance measurements are estimated at between 0.2 mH to 1.5 H. The accuracy and range of the measurements of series and parallel RC networks are demonstrated. The relative accuracy (<i>a</i><sub>r</sub>) and relative precision (<i>p</i><sub>r</sub>) of the measurements were quantified. For the resistance measurements, typically <i>a</i><sub>r</sub>, <i>p</i><sub>r</sub> < 10% in the interval 100 Ω–100 MΩ. For the capacitance, measured in one of the modes (fast mode), <i>a</i><sub>r</sub> < 20% and <i>p</i><sub>r</sub> < 5% in the range 100 fF–10 nF, while for the other mode (transient mode), typically <i>a</i><sub>r</sub> < 20% in the range 10 nF–10 mF and <i>p</i><sub>r</sub> < 5% for 100 pF–10 mF. <i>a</i><sub>r</sub> falls below 5% in some sub-ranges. The combination of the two capacitance modes allows for measurements in the range 100 fF–10 mF (11 orders of magnitude) with <i>a</i><sub>r</sub> < 20%. Possible applications include the sensing of impedimetric sensor arrays targeted for wearable and in-body bioelectronics, smart agriculture, and smart cities, while complying with small form factor and low cost. |
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An ultra-low-cost RCL-meterImpedance meterRCL-bridgesPortable instrumentAVR® micro-controllerLow-costInternet of thingsAn ultra-low-cost RCL meter, aimed at IoT applications, was developed, and was used to measure electrical components based on standard techniques without the need of additional electronics beyond the AVR<sup>®</sup> micro-controller hardware itself and high-level routines. The models and pseudo-routines required to measure admittance parameters are described, and a benchmark between the ATmega328P and ATmega32U4 AVR<sup>®</sup> micro-controllers was performed to validate the resistance and capacitance measurements. Both ATmega328P and ATmega32U4 micro-controllers could measure isolated resistances from 0.5 Ω to 80 MΩ and capacitances from 100 fF to 4.7 mF. Inductance measurements are estimated at between 0.2 mH to 1.5 H. The accuracy and range of the measurements of series and parallel RC networks are demonstrated. The relative accuracy (<i>a</i><sub>r</sub>) and relative precision (<i>p</i><sub>r</sub>) of the measurements were quantified. For the resistance measurements, typically <i>a</i><sub>r</sub>, <i>p</i><sub>r</sub> < 10% in the interval 100 Ω–100 MΩ. For the capacitance, measured in one of the modes (fast mode), <i>a</i><sub>r</sub> < 20% and <i>p</i><sub>r</sub> < 5% in the range 100 fF–10 nF, while for the other mode (transient mode), typically <i>a</i><sub>r</sub> < 20% in the range 10 nF–10 mF and <i>p</i><sub>r</sub> < 5% for 100 pF–10 mF. <i>a</i><sub>r</sub> falls below 5% in some sub-ranges. The combination of the two capacitance modes allows for measurements in the range 100 fF–10 mF (11 orders of magnitude) with <i>a</i><sub>r</sub> < 20%. Possible applications include the sensing of impedimetric sensor arrays targeted for wearable and in-body bioelectronics, smart agriculture, and smart cities, while complying with small form factor and low cost.ALG-01-0247-FEDER-037303MDPISapientiaInácio, PedroGuerra, RuiStallinga, Peter2022-04-01T10:19:35Z2022-03-142022-03-24T14:47:41Z2022-03-14T00:00:00Zinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/articleapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/10400.1/17746engSensors 22 (6): 2227 (2022)1424-822010.3390/s22062227info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessreponame:Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos)instname:Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informaçãoinstacron:RCAAP2024-03-13T02:07:18Zoai:sapientia.ualg.pt:10400.1/17746Portal AgregadorONGhttps://www.rcaap.pt/oai/openaireopendoar:71602024-03-19T20:07:37.151326Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) - Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informaçãofalse |
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
An ultra-low-cost RCL-meter |
title |
An ultra-low-cost RCL-meter |
spellingShingle |
An ultra-low-cost RCL-meter Inácio, Pedro Impedance meter RCL-bridges Portable instrument AVR® micro-controller Low-cost Internet of things |
title_short |
An ultra-low-cost RCL-meter |
title_full |
An ultra-low-cost RCL-meter |
title_fullStr |
An ultra-low-cost RCL-meter |
title_full_unstemmed |
An ultra-low-cost RCL-meter |
title_sort |
An ultra-low-cost RCL-meter |
author |
Inácio, Pedro |
author_facet |
Inácio, Pedro Guerra, Rui Stallinga, Peter |
author_role |
author |
author2 |
Guerra, Rui Stallinga, Peter |
author2_role |
author author |
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv |
Sapientia |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Inácio, Pedro Guerra, Rui Stallinga, Peter |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
Impedance meter RCL-bridges Portable instrument AVR® micro-controller Low-cost Internet of things |
topic |
Impedance meter RCL-bridges Portable instrument AVR® micro-controller Low-cost Internet of things |
description |
An ultra-low-cost RCL meter, aimed at IoT applications, was developed, and was used to measure electrical components based on standard techniques without the need of additional electronics beyond the AVR<sup>®</sup> micro-controller hardware itself and high-level routines. The models and pseudo-routines required to measure admittance parameters are described, and a benchmark between the ATmega328P and ATmega32U4 AVR<sup>®</sup> micro-controllers was performed to validate the resistance and capacitance measurements. Both ATmega328P and ATmega32U4 micro-controllers could measure isolated resistances from 0.5 Ω to 80 MΩ and capacitances from 100 fF to 4.7 mF. Inductance measurements are estimated at between 0.2 mH to 1.5 H. The accuracy and range of the measurements of series and parallel RC networks are demonstrated. The relative accuracy (<i>a</i><sub>r</sub>) and relative precision (<i>p</i><sub>r</sub>) of the measurements were quantified. For the resistance measurements, typically <i>a</i><sub>r</sub>, <i>p</i><sub>r</sub> < 10% in the interval 100 Ω–100 MΩ. For the capacitance, measured in one of the modes (fast mode), <i>a</i><sub>r</sub> < 20% and <i>p</i><sub>r</sub> < 5% in the range 100 fF–10 nF, while for the other mode (transient mode), typically <i>a</i><sub>r</sub> < 20% in the range 10 nF–10 mF and <i>p</i><sub>r</sub> < 5% for 100 pF–10 mF. <i>a</i><sub>r</sub> falls below 5% in some sub-ranges. The combination of the two capacitance modes allows for measurements in the range 100 fF–10 mF (11 orders of magnitude) with <i>a</i><sub>r</sub> < 20%. Possible applications include the sensing of impedimetric sensor arrays targeted for wearable and in-body bioelectronics, smart agriculture, and smart cities, while complying with small form factor and low cost. |
publishDate |
2022 |
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2022-04-01T10:19:35Z 2022-03-14 2022-03-24T14:47:41Z 2022-03-14T00:00:00Z |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
format |
article |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
http://hdl.handle.net/10400.1/17746 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/10400.1/17746 |
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv |
eng |
language |
eng |
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv |
Sensors 22 (6): 2227 (2022) 1424-8220 10.3390/s22062227 |
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv |
application/pdf |
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
MDPI |
publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
MDPI |
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv |
reponame:Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) instname:Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informação instacron:RCAAP |
instname_str |
Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informação |
instacron_str |
RCAAP |
institution |
RCAAP |
reponame_str |
Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) |
collection |
Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) |
repository.name.fl_str_mv |
Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) - Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informação |
repository.mail.fl_str_mv |
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1799133321644474368 |