In situ ultrasonic testing for wire arc additive manufacturing applications
Autor(a) principal: | |
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Data de Publicação: | 2022 |
Outros Autores: | , , , , |
Tipo de documento: | Artigo |
Idioma: | eng |
Título da fonte: | Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) |
Texto Completo: | http://hdl.handle.net/10400.21/15604 |
Resumo: | In this paper, we present a non-destructive testing (NDT) technique based on in situ detection of defects up to 100 °C by ultrasonic testing (UT) during construction of parts by a metal additive manufacturing technology known as wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM). The proposed technique makes use of interlayer application of commercial solder flux to serve as coupling medium for in situ inspection using a special-purpose UT probe. The experimental work was carried out in deposited ER5356 aluminum straight walls following a threefold structure. First, characterization tests with geometrically similar walls with and without interlayer application of solder flux highlight its neutrality, with no effect on the chemical, metallurgical and mechanical properties of the walls. Secondly, UT tests on walls at temperatures ranging from room temperature to 100 °C demonstrate the satisfactory performance of the solder flux as a coupling medium, with little to no soundwave amplitude losses or noise. Finally, acoustic attenuation, impedance and transmission estimations highlight the effectiveness of the proposed technique, establishing a basis for the future development of automated NDT systems for in situ UT of additive manufacturing processes. |
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In situ ultrasonic testing for wire arc additive manufacturing applicationsWire arc additive manufacturingNon-destructive testingUltrasonic testingHigh-temperature inspectionIn this paper, we present a non-destructive testing (NDT) technique based on in situ detection of defects up to 100 °C by ultrasonic testing (UT) during construction of parts by a metal additive manufacturing technology known as wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM). The proposed technique makes use of interlayer application of commercial solder flux to serve as coupling medium for in situ inspection using a special-purpose UT probe. The experimental work was carried out in deposited ER5356 aluminum straight walls following a threefold structure. First, characterization tests with geometrically similar walls with and without interlayer application of solder flux highlight its neutrality, with no effect on the chemical, metallurgical and mechanical properties of the walls. Secondly, UT tests on walls at temperatures ranging from room temperature to 100 °C demonstrate the satisfactory performance of the solder flux as a coupling medium, with little to no soundwave amplitude losses or noise. Finally, acoustic attenuation, impedance and transmission estimations highlight the effectiveness of the proposed technique, establishing a basis for the future development of automated NDT systems for in situ UT of additive manufacturing processes.MDPIRCIPLLopez, Ana BeatrizSousa, José PedroPragana, J.P.MBragança, IvoSantos, Telmo G.Silva, C.M.A.2023-02-15T16:20:26Z2022-112022-11-01T00:00:00Zinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/articleapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/10400.21/15604engLopez, A.B.; Sousa, J.P.; Pragana, J.P.M.; Bragança, I.M.F.; Santos, T.G.; Silva, C.M.A. In Situ Ultrasonic Testing for Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing Applications. Machines 2022, 10, 1069. https://doi.org/10.3390/machines101110692075-170210.3390/machines10111069info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessreponame:Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos)instname:Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informaçãoinstacron:RCAAP2023-08-03T10:13:19Zoai:repositorio.ipl.pt:10400.21/15604Portal AgregadorONGhttps://www.rcaap.pt/oai/openaireopendoar:71602024-03-19T20:23:14.733227Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) - Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informaçãofalse |
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
In situ ultrasonic testing for wire arc additive manufacturing applications |
title |
In situ ultrasonic testing for wire arc additive manufacturing applications |
spellingShingle |
In situ ultrasonic testing for wire arc additive manufacturing applications Lopez, Ana Beatriz Wire arc additive manufacturing Non-destructive testing Ultrasonic testing High-temperature inspection |
title_short |
In situ ultrasonic testing for wire arc additive manufacturing applications |
title_full |
In situ ultrasonic testing for wire arc additive manufacturing applications |
title_fullStr |
In situ ultrasonic testing for wire arc additive manufacturing applications |
title_full_unstemmed |
In situ ultrasonic testing for wire arc additive manufacturing applications |
title_sort |
In situ ultrasonic testing for wire arc additive manufacturing applications |
author |
Lopez, Ana Beatriz |
author_facet |
Lopez, Ana Beatriz Sousa, José Pedro Pragana, J.P.M Bragança, Ivo Santos, Telmo G. Silva, C.M.A. |
author_role |
author |
author2 |
Sousa, José Pedro Pragana, J.P.M Bragança, Ivo Santos, Telmo G. Silva, C.M.A. |
author2_role |
author author author author author |
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv |
RCIPL |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Lopez, Ana Beatriz Sousa, José Pedro Pragana, J.P.M Bragança, Ivo Santos, Telmo G. Silva, C.M.A. |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
Wire arc additive manufacturing Non-destructive testing Ultrasonic testing High-temperature inspection |
topic |
Wire arc additive manufacturing Non-destructive testing Ultrasonic testing High-temperature inspection |
description |
In this paper, we present a non-destructive testing (NDT) technique based on in situ detection of defects up to 100 °C by ultrasonic testing (UT) during construction of parts by a metal additive manufacturing technology known as wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM). The proposed technique makes use of interlayer application of commercial solder flux to serve as coupling medium for in situ inspection using a special-purpose UT probe. The experimental work was carried out in deposited ER5356 aluminum straight walls following a threefold structure. First, characterization tests with geometrically similar walls with and without interlayer application of solder flux highlight its neutrality, with no effect on the chemical, metallurgical and mechanical properties of the walls. Secondly, UT tests on walls at temperatures ranging from room temperature to 100 °C demonstrate the satisfactory performance of the solder flux as a coupling medium, with little to no soundwave amplitude losses or noise. Finally, acoustic attenuation, impedance and transmission estimations highlight the effectiveness of the proposed technique, establishing a basis for the future development of automated NDT systems for in situ UT of additive manufacturing processes. |
publishDate |
2022 |
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2022-11 2022-11-01T00:00:00Z 2023-02-15T16:20:26Z |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
format |
article |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
http://hdl.handle.net/10400.21/15604 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/10400.21/15604 |
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv |
eng |
language |
eng |
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv |
Lopez, A.B.; Sousa, J.P.; Pragana, J.P.M.; Bragança, I.M.F.; Santos, T.G.; Silva, C.M.A. In Situ Ultrasonic Testing for Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing Applications. Machines 2022, 10, 1069. https://doi.org/10.3390/machines10111069 2075-1702 10.3390/machines10111069 |
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv |
application/pdf |
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
MDPI |
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MDPI |
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reponame:Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) instname:Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informação instacron:RCAAP |
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Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informação |
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RCAAP |
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Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) |
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Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) |
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Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) - Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informação |
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1799133505197703168 |