Trends in MDMA‐related mortality across four countries
Autor(a) principal: | |
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Data de Publicação: | 2021 |
Outros Autores: | , , , , , |
Tipo de documento: | Artigo |
Idioma: | eng |
Título da fonte: | Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) |
Texto Completo: | http://hdl.handle.net/10400.26/44025 https://doi.org/10.1111/add.15493 |
Resumo: | Findings: A total of 1400 MDMA-related deaths were identified in Turkey, 507 in Australia, 100 in Finland and 45 in Portugal. The median age ranged from 24 to 27.5 years, and males represented between 81 and 94% of the deaths across countries. Standardized mortality rates significantly increased across all four countries from 2011 to 2017 during a period of increased purity and availability of MDMA. The underlying cause of death was predominantly due to drug toxicity in Australia (n = 309, 61%), Finland (n = 70, 70%) and Turkey (n = 840, 60%) and other causes in Portugal (n = 25, 56%). Minorities of all deaths across the countries were due to MDMA toxicity alone (13-25%). These deaths had a significantly higher blood MDMA concentration than multiple drug toxicity deaths in Australia, Finland and Turkey. Drugs other than MDMA commonly detected were stimulants (including cocaine, amphetamine and methamphetamine) (Australia 52% and Finland 61%) and alcohol (Australia 46% and Portugal 49%). In addition to MDMA toxicity, benzodiazepines (81%) and opioids (64%) were commonly identified in these deaths in Finland. In comparison, synthetic cannabinoids (15%) and cannabis (33%) were present in a minority of deaths in Turkey. |
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Trends in MDMA‐related mortality across four countriesDrug-related deathsMDMAEcstasyMortalityToxicityToxicologyFindings: A total of 1400 MDMA-related deaths were identified in Turkey, 507 in Australia, 100 in Finland and 45 in Portugal. The median age ranged from 24 to 27.5 years, and males represented between 81 and 94% of the deaths across countries. Standardized mortality rates significantly increased across all four countries from 2011 to 2017 during a period of increased purity and availability of MDMA. The underlying cause of death was predominantly due to drug toxicity in Australia (n = 309, 61%), Finland (n = 70, 70%) and Turkey (n = 840, 60%) and other causes in Portugal (n = 25, 56%). Minorities of all deaths across the countries were due to MDMA toxicity alone (13-25%). These deaths had a significantly higher blood MDMA concentration than multiple drug toxicity deaths in Australia, Finland and Turkey. Drugs other than MDMA commonly detected were stimulants (including cocaine, amphetamine and methamphetamine) (Australia 52% and Finland 61%) and alcohol (Australia 46% and Portugal 49%). In addition to MDMA toxicity, benzodiazepines (81%) and opioids (64%) were commonly identified in these deaths in Finland. In comparison, synthetic cannabinoids (15%) and cannabis (33%) were present in a minority of deaths in Turkey.National Health and Medical Research Council Investigator Grant: APP1173505Victorian Operational Infrastructure Funinfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion2023-03-06T16:29:30Z2023-03-062021-01-01T00:00:00Zinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://hdl.handle.net/10400.26/44025http://hdl.handle.net/10400.26/44025https://doi.org/10.1111/add.15493engRoxburgh, A., Sam, B., Kriikku, P., Mounteney, J., Castanera, A., Dias, M., & Giraudon, I. (2021). Trends in MDMA-related mortality across four countries. Addiction (Abingdon, England), 116(11), 3094–3103.http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessRoxburgh, AmandaSam, BulentKriikku, PirkkoMounteney, JaneCastañera, AntonioDias, MárioGiraudon, Isabellereponame:Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos)instname:Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informaçãoinstacron:RCAAP2024-02-03T04:22:26Zoai:comum.rcaap.pt:10400.26/44025Portal AgregadorONGhttps://www.rcaap.pt/oai/openaireopendoar:71602024-03-20T02:07:48.641053Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) - Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informaçãofalse |
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
Trends in MDMA‐related mortality across four countries |
title |
Trends in MDMA‐related mortality across four countries |
spellingShingle |
Trends in MDMA‐related mortality across four countries Roxburgh, Amanda Drug-related deaths MDMA Ecstasy Mortality Toxicity Toxicology |
title_short |
Trends in MDMA‐related mortality across four countries |
title_full |
Trends in MDMA‐related mortality across four countries |
title_fullStr |
Trends in MDMA‐related mortality across four countries |
title_full_unstemmed |
Trends in MDMA‐related mortality across four countries |
title_sort |
Trends in MDMA‐related mortality across four countries |
author |
Roxburgh, Amanda |
author_facet |
Roxburgh, Amanda Sam, Bulent Kriikku, Pirkko Mounteney, Jane Castañera, Antonio Dias, Mário Giraudon, Isabelle |
author_role |
author |
author2 |
Sam, Bulent Kriikku, Pirkko Mounteney, Jane Castañera, Antonio Dias, Mário Giraudon, Isabelle |
author2_role |
author author author author author author |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Roxburgh, Amanda Sam, Bulent Kriikku, Pirkko Mounteney, Jane Castañera, Antonio Dias, Mário Giraudon, Isabelle |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
Drug-related deaths MDMA Ecstasy Mortality Toxicity Toxicology |
topic |
Drug-related deaths MDMA Ecstasy Mortality Toxicity Toxicology |
description |
Findings: A total of 1400 MDMA-related deaths were identified in Turkey, 507 in Australia, 100 in Finland and 45 in Portugal. The median age ranged from 24 to 27.5 years, and males represented between 81 and 94% of the deaths across countries. Standardized mortality rates significantly increased across all four countries from 2011 to 2017 during a period of increased purity and availability of MDMA. The underlying cause of death was predominantly due to drug toxicity in Australia (n = 309, 61%), Finland (n = 70, 70%) and Turkey (n = 840, 60%) and other causes in Portugal (n = 25, 56%). Minorities of all deaths across the countries were due to MDMA toxicity alone (13-25%). These deaths had a significantly higher blood MDMA concentration than multiple drug toxicity deaths in Australia, Finland and Turkey. Drugs other than MDMA commonly detected were stimulants (including cocaine, amphetamine and methamphetamine) (Australia 52% and Finland 61%) and alcohol (Australia 46% and Portugal 49%). In addition to MDMA toxicity, benzodiazepines (81%) and opioids (64%) were commonly identified in these deaths in Finland. In comparison, synthetic cannabinoids (15%) and cannabis (33%) were present in a minority of deaths in Turkey. |
publishDate |
2021 |
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2021-01-01T00:00:00Z 2023-03-06T16:29:30Z 2023-03-06 |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
format |
article |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
http://hdl.handle.net/10400.26/44025 http://hdl.handle.net/10400.26/44025 https://doi.org/10.1111/add.15493 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/10400.26/44025 https://doi.org/10.1111/add.15493 |
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv |
eng |
language |
eng |
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv |
Roxburgh, A., Sam, B., Kriikku, P., Mounteney, J., Castanera, A., Dias, M., & Giraudon, I. (2021). Trends in MDMA-related mortality across four countries. Addiction (Abingdon, England), 116(11), 3094–3103. |
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http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
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http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ |
eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
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reponame:Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) instname:Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informação instacron:RCAAP |
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Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informação |
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RCAAP |
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RCAAP |
reponame_str |
Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) |
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Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) |
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Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) - Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informação |
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1799137166958264320 |