Analysis of saliva by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy for diagnosis of physiological stress in athletes

Detalhes bibliográficos
Autor(a) principal: Caetano Júnior,Paulo Cesar
Data de Publicação: 2015
Outros Autores: Strixino,Juliana Ferreira, Raniero,Leandro
Tipo de documento: Artigo
Idioma: eng
Título da fonte: Research on Biomedical Engineering (Online)
Texto Completo: http://old.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S2446-47402015000200116
Resumo: Introduction Saliva is the most promising biofluid to monitor the physiological state of athletes, because this method is not invasive and has low contamination risks. The characterization of saliva by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) has been studied as an alternative technique to the standard clinical analysis. However, methodological procedures for saliva analysis are not completely clear, especially in terms of influence of storage conditions and sample preparations for infrared analysis. Thawed saliva includes a precipitate, which may influence the infrared spectral analysis. Thus, the purpose of this study was to show the spectral differences of the precipitate, supernatant, and a combo, as well as the best way to classify the physiological state of the athletes by FT-IR. Methods The saliva collection was performed before, immediately after, and two hours after a handball match. After the storage of samples at –20 ○C, it was possible to identify two phases (precipitate and supernatant) and to determine the biochemical differences between the spectra of each phase, which were distinctly analyzed by the second derivative and deconvolution bands. Results The precipitate and supernatant results showed characteristic bands, especially in the protein regions. All FT-IR spectra were also statistically classified by linear discriminant analysis (LDA), using principal component analysis (PCA). The LDA precipitate and supernatant had lower value when compared to combo spectra (Combination of precipitate and supernatant) with 82%, showing that this combination is the best way to discriminate spectra of saliva samples collected before, immediately after, and 2 h after physical effort. Discussion The results showed that it is possible to differentiate biochemically the two salivary phases, as well as the importance of the homogenization process of saliva samples to classify the physiological status of athletes using FT-IR.
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spelling Analysis of saliva by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy for diagnosis of physiological stress in athletesInfrared spectroscopySalivaSports Introduction Saliva is the most promising biofluid to monitor the physiological state of athletes, because this method is not invasive and has low contamination risks. The characterization of saliva by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) has been studied as an alternative technique to the standard clinical analysis. However, methodological procedures for saliva analysis are not completely clear, especially in terms of influence of storage conditions and sample preparations for infrared analysis. Thawed saliva includes a precipitate, which may influence the infrared spectral analysis. Thus, the purpose of this study was to show the spectral differences of the precipitate, supernatant, and a combo, as well as the best way to classify the physiological state of the athletes by FT-IR. Methods The saliva collection was performed before, immediately after, and two hours after a handball match. After the storage of samples at –20 ○C, it was possible to identify two phases (precipitate and supernatant) and to determine the biochemical differences between the spectra of each phase, which were distinctly analyzed by the second derivative and deconvolution bands. Results The precipitate and supernatant results showed characteristic bands, especially in the protein regions. All FT-IR spectra were also statistically classified by linear discriminant analysis (LDA), using principal component analysis (PCA). The LDA precipitate and supernatant had lower value when compared to combo spectra (Combination of precipitate and supernatant) with 82%, showing that this combination is the best way to discriminate spectra of saliva samples collected before, immediately after, and 2 h after physical effort. Discussion The results showed that it is possible to differentiate biochemically the two salivary phases, as well as the importance of the homogenization process of saliva samples to classify the physiological status of athletes using FT-IR. Sociedade Brasileira de Engenharia Biomédica2015-06-01info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersiontext/htmlhttp://old.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S2446-47402015000200116Research on Biomedical Engineering v.31 n.2 2015reponame:Research on Biomedical Engineering (Online)instname:Sociedade Brasileira de Engenharia Biomédica (SBEB)instacron:SBEB10.1590/2446-4740.0664info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessCaetano Júnior,Paulo CesarStrixino,Juliana FerreiraRaniero,Leandroeng2015-07-23T00:00:00Zoai:scielo:S2446-47402015000200116Revistahttp://www.rbejournal.org/https://old.scielo.br/oai/scielo-oai.php||rbe@rbejournal.org2446-47402446-4732opendoar:2015-07-23T00:00Research on Biomedical Engineering (Online) - Sociedade Brasileira de Engenharia Biomédica (SBEB)false
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Analysis of saliva by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy for diagnosis of physiological stress in athletes
title Analysis of saliva by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy for diagnosis of physiological stress in athletes
spellingShingle Analysis of saliva by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy for diagnosis of physiological stress in athletes
Caetano Júnior,Paulo Cesar
Infrared spectroscopy
Saliva
Sports
title_short Analysis of saliva by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy for diagnosis of physiological stress in athletes
title_full Analysis of saliva by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy for diagnosis of physiological stress in athletes
title_fullStr Analysis of saliva by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy for diagnosis of physiological stress in athletes
title_full_unstemmed Analysis of saliva by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy for diagnosis of physiological stress in athletes
title_sort Analysis of saliva by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy for diagnosis of physiological stress in athletes
author Caetano Júnior,Paulo Cesar
author_facet Caetano Júnior,Paulo Cesar
Strixino,Juliana Ferreira
Raniero,Leandro
author_role author
author2 Strixino,Juliana Ferreira
Raniero,Leandro
author2_role author
author
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv Caetano Júnior,Paulo Cesar
Strixino,Juliana Ferreira
Raniero,Leandro
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv Infrared spectroscopy
Saliva
Sports
topic Infrared spectroscopy
Saliva
Sports
description Introduction Saliva is the most promising biofluid to monitor the physiological state of athletes, because this method is not invasive and has low contamination risks. The characterization of saliva by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) has been studied as an alternative technique to the standard clinical analysis. However, methodological procedures for saliva analysis are not completely clear, especially in terms of influence of storage conditions and sample preparations for infrared analysis. Thawed saliva includes a precipitate, which may influence the infrared spectral analysis. Thus, the purpose of this study was to show the spectral differences of the precipitate, supernatant, and a combo, as well as the best way to classify the physiological state of the athletes by FT-IR. Methods The saliva collection was performed before, immediately after, and two hours after a handball match. After the storage of samples at –20 ○C, it was possible to identify two phases (precipitate and supernatant) and to determine the biochemical differences between the spectra of each phase, which were distinctly analyzed by the second derivative and deconvolution bands. Results The precipitate and supernatant results showed characteristic bands, especially in the protein regions. All FT-IR spectra were also statistically classified by linear discriminant analysis (LDA), using principal component analysis (PCA). The LDA precipitate and supernatant had lower value when compared to combo spectra (Combination of precipitate and supernatant) with 82%, showing that this combination is the best way to discriminate spectra of saliva samples collected before, immediately after, and 2 h after physical effort. Discussion The results showed that it is possible to differentiate biochemically the two salivary phases, as well as the importance of the homogenization process of saliva samples to classify the physiological status of athletes using FT-IR.
publishDate 2015
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2015-06-01
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
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status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv http://old.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S2446-47402015000200116
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dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv eng
language eng
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv 10.1590/2446-4740.0664
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dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Sociedade Brasileira de Engenharia Biomédica
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Sociedade Brasileira de Engenharia Biomédica
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv Research on Biomedical Engineering v.31 n.2 2015
reponame:Research on Biomedical Engineering (Online)
instname:Sociedade Brasileira de Engenharia Biomédica (SBEB)
instacron:SBEB
instname_str Sociedade Brasileira de Engenharia Biomédica (SBEB)
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institution SBEB
reponame_str Research on Biomedical Engineering (Online)
collection Research on Biomedical Engineering (Online)
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