Evolution of flatworm central nervous systems: Insights from polyclads
Autor(a) principal: | |
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Data de Publicação: | 2015 |
Outros Autores: | , , , , |
Tipo de documento: | Artigo |
Idioma: | eng |
Título da fonte: | Genetics and Molecular Biology |
Texto Completo: | http://old.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1415-47572015000300233 |
Resumo: | The nervous systems of flatworms have diversified extensively as a consequence of the broad range of adaptations in the group. Here we examined the central nervous system (CNS) of 12 species of polyclad flatworms belonging to 11 different families by morphological and histological studies. These comparisons revealed that the overall organization and architecture of polyclad central nervous systems can be classified into three categories (I, II, and III) based on the presence of globuli cell masses -ganglion cells of granular appearance-, the cross-sectional shape of the main nerve cords, and the tissue type surrounding the nerve cords. In addition, four different cell types were identified in polyclad brains based on location and size. We also characterize the serotonergic and FMRFamidergic nervous systems in the cotylean Boninia divae by immunocytochemistry. Although both neurotransmitters were broadly expressed, expression of serotonin was particularly strong in the sucker, whereas FMRFamide was particularly strong in the pharynx. Finally, we test some of the major hypothesized trends during the evolution of the CNS in the phylum by a character state reconstruction based on current understanding of the nervous system across different species of Platyhelminthes and on up-to-date molecular phylogenies. |
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Genetics and Molecular Biology |
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Evolution of flatworm central nervous systems: Insights from polycladsbrainFMRFamideglobuli cell massesorthogonserotoninThe nervous systems of flatworms have diversified extensively as a consequence of the broad range of adaptations in the group. Here we examined the central nervous system (CNS) of 12 species of polyclad flatworms belonging to 11 different families by morphological and histological studies. These comparisons revealed that the overall organization and architecture of polyclad central nervous systems can be classified into three categories (I, II, and III) based on the presence of globuli cell masses -ganglion cells of granular appearance-, the cross-sectional shape of the main nerve cords, and the tissue type surrounding the nerve cords. In addition, four different cell types were identified in polyclad brains based on location and size. We also characterize the serotonergic and FMRFamidergic nervous systems in the cotylean Boninia divae by immunocytochemistry. Although both neurotransmitters were broadly expressed, expression of serotonin was particularly strong in the sucker, whereas FMRFamide was particularly strong in the pharynx. Finally, we test some of the major hypothesized trends during the evolution of the CNS in the phylum by a character state reconstruction based on current understanding of the nervous system across different species of Platyhelminthes and on up-to-date molecular phylogenies.Sociedade Brasileira de Genética2015-09-01info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersiontext/htmlhttp://old.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1415-47572015000300233Genetics and Molecular Biology v.38 n.3 2015reponame:Genetics and Molecular Biologyinstname:Sociedade Brasileira de Genética (SBG)instacron:SBG10.1590/S1415-475738320150013info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessQuiroga,Sigmer Y.Carolina Bonilla,E.Marcela Bolaños,D.Carbayo,FernandoLitvaitis,Marian K.Brown,Federico D.eng2015-12-16T00:00:00Zoai:scielo:S1415-47572015000300233Revistahttp://www.gmb.org.br/ONGhttps://old.scielo.br/oai/scielo-oai.php||editor@gmb.org.br1678-46851415-4757opendoar:2015-12-16T00:00Genetics and Molecular Biology - Sociedade Brasileira de Genética (SBG)false |
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
Evolution of flatworm central nervous systems: Insights from polyclads |
title |
Evolution of flatworm central nervous systems: Insights from polyclads |
spellingShingle |
Evolution of flatworm central nervous systems: Insights from polyclads Quiroga,Sigmer Y. brain FMRFamide globuli cell masses orthogon serotonin |
title_short |
Evolution of flatworm central nervous systems: Insights from polyclads |
title_full |
Evolution of flatworm central nervous systems: Insights from polyclads |
title_fullStr |
Evolution of flatworm central nervous systems: Insights from polyclads |
title_full_unstemmed |
Evolution of flatworm central nervous systems: Insights from polyclads |
title_sort |
Evolution of flatworm central nervous systems: Insights from polyclads |
author |
Quiroga,Sigmer Y. |
author_facet |
Quiroga,Sigmer Y. Carolina Bonilla,E. Marcela Bolaños,D. Carbayo,Fernando Litvaitis,Marian K. Brown,Federico D. |
author_role |
author |
author2 |
Carolina Bonilla,E. Marcela Bolaños,D. Carbayo,Fernando Litvaitis,Marian K. Brown,Federico D. |
author2_role |
author author author author author |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Quiroga,Sigmer Y. Carolina Bonilla,E. Marcela Bolaños,D. Carbayo,Fernando Litvaitis,Marian K. Brown,Federico D. |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
brain FMRFamide globuli cell masses orthogon serotonin |
topic |
brain FMRFamide globuli cell masses orthogon serotonin |
description |
The nervous systems of flatworms have diversified extensively as a consequence of the broad range of adaptations in the group. Here we examined the central nervous system (CNS) of 12 species of polyclad flatworms belonging to 11 different families by morphological and histological studies. These comparisons revealed that the overall organization and architecture of polyclad central nervous systems can be classified into three categories (I, II, and III) based on the presence of globuli cell masses -ganglion cells of granular appearance-, the cross-sectional shape of the main nerve cords, and the tissue type surrounding the nerve cords. In addition, four different cell types were identified in polyclad brains based on location and size. We also characterize the serotonergic and FMRFamidergic nervous systems in the cotylean Boninia divae by immunocytochemistry. Although both neurotransmitters were broadly expressed, expression of serotonin was particularly strong in the sucker, whereas FMRFamide was particularly strong in the pharynx. Finally, we test some of the major hypothesized trends during the evolution of the CNS in the phylum by a character state reconstruction based on current understanding of the nervous system across different species of Platyhelminthes and on up-to-date molecular phylogenies. |
publishDate |
2015 |
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2015-09-01 |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
format |
article |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
http://old.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1415-47572015000300233 |
url |
http://old.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1415-47572015000300233 |
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv |
eng |
language |
eng |
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv |
10.1590/S1415-475738320150013 |
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv |
text/html |
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Sociedade Brasileira de Genética |
publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Sociedade Brasileira de Genética |
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv |
Genetics and Molecular Biology v.38 n.3 2015 reponame:Genetics and Molecular Biology instname:Sociedade Brasileira de Genética (SBG) instacron:SBG |
instname_str |
Sociedade Brasileira de Genética (SBG) |
instacron_str |
SBG |
institution |
SBG |
reponame_str |
Genetics and Molecular Biology |
collection |
Genetics and Molecular Biology |
repository.name.fl_str_mv |
Genetics and Molecular Biology - Sociedade Brasileira de Genética (SBG) |
repository.mail.fl_str_mv |
||editor@gmb.org.br |
_version_ |
1752122386305515520 |