Crítica da razão eugênica: a educação para a consciência racial em Renato Kehl, Salvador de Toledo Piza Júnior e Octavio Domingues
Autor(a) principal: | |
---|---|
Data de Publicação: | 2023 |
Tipo de documento: | Tese |
Idioma: | por |
Título da fonte: | Repositório Institucional da UFSCAR |
Texto Completo: | https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/18265 |
Resumo: | Defined by the English polymath Sir Francis Galton (1822-1911) as the science of racial improvement, eugenics became popular among the Brazilian intellectual elite in the context of the First Republic. In the 1920s and 1930s, the “moderate” interpretations that conceived eugenics as synonymous with hygiene and sanitation were contested by the most radical wing of this movement, which envisioned the racial improvement of the population by combating the “degenerative threats” represented by blacks, mestizos, disabled and poor workers. Edited in Rio de Janeiro by the physician and pharmacist Renato Ferraz Kehl (1889-1974), the Boletim de Eugenia (1929-1933) became the largest journal specialized in the science of racial improvement in Brazil. In 1932 and 1933, its direction was taken over by professors from the Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ) Salvador de Toledo Piza Júnior (1898-1988) and Octavio Domingues (1897-1972). Transforming a propaganda newspaper into a scientific magazine, the two renowned geneticists from Piracicaba scientifically supported eugenics based on Mendelian genetics, guaranteeing the continuity of the popularization project started by Kehl. Starting from this historical context, with theoretical-methodological support in documentary and bibliographical research, we analyze the education for the eugenic conscience or racial conscience exposed in the articles, correspondences, lectures, and books published by the three Boletim de Eugenia's directors. We explain the epistemological foundations of lato sensu education envisaged by these intellectuals, contrasting them with the theoretical-critical diagnosis of the crisis of reason elaborated by Max Horkheimer (1895-1973). We found that the Horkheimerian argument that denounced the enlightened roots of eugenics remains fundamental to the understanding of what we call eugenic reason, that is, the instrumental and mythologized reason that enabled the dissemination of eugenics as a socially accepted science. We verified that the objectification and manipulation of sex by the instrumental reason, according to which marriage and sexual relations should be submitted to the laws determined by the enlightened intellectuality, constituted the core of the education for the eugenic conscience developed in the Boletim de Eugenia and, specifically, in the campaign undertaken by Kehl, Piza Júnior and Domingues. We demonstrate that the annulment of the subject from the reduction of the human being to his biological nature and the discourse of technical impartiality, by-products of the totalitarian face of the Enlightenment, founded the epistemological bases of the lato sensu education outlined by Galton and assimilated in a particular way by the three Boletim de Eugenia's directors. Finally, we question reductionist interpretations of the subject, such as the idea of eugenics as synonymous with conservatism, as a pseudoscience, as an irrationality dissociated from scientific progress, or as a surpassed past. We conclude with the proposition of the theoretical-critical model of eugenic reason for understanding the epistemological foundations of this science, according to which eugenics does not comprise a kind of return to barbarism, but precisely the triumph of enlightened progress. |
id |
SCAR_0539b1cd0601eff20b3c539263f6856a |
---|---|
oai_identifier_str |
oai:repositorio.ufscar.br:ufscar/18265 |
network_acronym_str |
SCAR |
network_name_str |
Repositório Institucional da UFSCAR |
repository_id_str |
4322 |
spelling |
Roitberg, Guilherme PradoGomes, Luiz Robertohttp://lattes.cnpq.br/4768579559449929http://lattes.cnpq.br/3993968379492241https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0338-2270https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8867-7897b918ded3-145c-49f4-93d8-245d6b9d92de2023-07-12T13:30:03Z2023-07-12T13:30:03Z2023-06-19ROITBERG, Guilherme Prado. Crítica da razão eugênica: a educação para a consciência racial em Renato Kehl, Salvador de Toledo Piza Júnior e Octavio Domingues. 2023. Tese (Doutorado em Educação) – Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, 2023. Disponível em: https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/18265.https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/18265Defined by the English polymath Sir Francis Galton (1822-1911) as the science of racial improvement, eugenics became popular among the Brazilian intellectual elite in the context of the First Republic. In the 1920s and 1930s, the “moderate” interpretations that conceived eugenics as synonymous with hygiene and sanitation were contested by the most radical wing of this movement, which envisioned the racial improvement of the population by combating the “degenerative threats” represented by blacks, mestizos, disabled and poor workers. Edited in Rio de Janeiro by the physician and pharmacist Renato Ferraz Kehl (1889-1974), the Boletim de Eugenia (1929-1933) became the largest journal specialized in the science of racial improvement in Brazil. In 1932 and 1933, its direction was taken over by professors from the Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ) Salvador de Toledo Piza Júnior (1898-1988) and Octavio Domingues (1897-1972). Transforming a propaganda newspaper into a scientific magazine, the two renowned geneticists from Piracicaba scientifically supported eugenics based on Mendelian genetics, guaranteeing the continuity of the popularization project started by Kehl. Starting from this historical context, with theoretical-methodological support in documentary and bibliographical research, we analyze the education for the eugenic conscience or racial conscience exposed in the articles, correspondences, lectures, and books published by the three Boletim de Eugenia's directors. We explain the epistemological foundations of lato sensu education envisaged by these intellectuals, contrasting them with the theoretical-critical diagnosis of the crisis of reason elaborated by Max Horkheimer (1895-1973). We found that the Horkheimerian argument that denounced the enlightened roots of eugenics remains fundamental to the understanding of what we call eugenic reason, that is, the instrumental and mythologized reason that enabled the dissemination of eugenics as a socially accepted science. We verified that the objectification and manipulation of sex by the instrumental reason, according to which marriage and sexual relations should be submitted to the laws determined by the enlightened intellectuality, constituted the core of the education for the eugenic conscience developed in the Boletim de Eugenia and, specifically, in the campaign undertaken by Kehl, Piza Júnior and Domingues. We demonstrate that the annulment of the subject from the reduction of the human being to his biological nature and the discourse of technical impartiality, by-products of the totalitarian face of the Enlightenment, founded the epistemological bases of the lato sensu education outlined by Galton and assimilated in a particular way by the three Boletim de Eugenia's directors. Finally, we question reductionist interpretations of the subject, such as the idea of eugenics as synonymous with conservatism, as a pseudoscience, as an irrationality dissociated from scientific progress, or as a surpassed past. We conclude with the proposition of the theoretical-critical model of eugenic reason for understanding the epistemological foundations of this science, according to which eugenics does not comprise a kind of return to barbarism, but precisely the triumph of enlightened progress.Definida pelo polímata inglês Sir Francis Galton (1822-1911) como a ciência do melhoramento racial, a eugenia se popularizou entre a elite intelectual brasileira no contexto da Primeira República. Nas décadas de 1920 e 1930, as interpretações “moderadas” que concebiam a eugenia como sinônimo de higiene e sanitarismo foram contestadas pela ala mais radical desse movimento, que vislumbrou o aperfeiçoamento racial da população por meio do combate às “ameaças degenerativas” representadas por negros, mestiços, deficientes e trabalhadores pobres. Editado no Rio de Janeiro pelo médico e farmacêutico Renato Ferraz Kehl (1889-1974), o Boletim de Eugenia (1929-1933) se tornou o maior periódico especializado na ciência do melhoramento racial no Brasil. Nos anos de 1932 e 1933, sua direção foi assumida pelos professores da Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz (ESALQ) Salvador de Toledo Piza Júnior (1898-1988) e Octavio Domingues (1897-1972). Transformando um jornal de propaganda em uma revista científica, os dois renomados geneticistas de Piracicaba respaldaram cientificamente a eugenia com base na genética mendeliana, garantindo a continuidade do projeto de vulgarização iniciado por Kehl. Partindo deste contexto histórico e tomando como aporte teórico-metodológico uma pesquisa documental e bibliográfica, analisamos a educação para a consciência eugênica ou consciência racial exposta nos artigos, correspondências, palestras e livros publicados pelos três diretores do Boletim de Eugenia. Explicitamos os fundamentos epistemológicos da educação lato sensu vislumbrada por esses intelectuais, contrapondo-os com o diagnóstico teórico-crítico de crise da razão elaborado por Max Horkheimer (1895-1973). Verificamos que o argumento horkheimeriano que denunciou as raízes esclarecidas da eugenia continua fundamental para a compreensão do que denominamos razão eugênica, a dizer, a razão instrumental e mitificada que viabilizou a disseminação da eugenia como uma ciência socialmente aceita. Constatamos que a objetificação e manipulação do sexo pela razão instrumental, segundo a qual o matrimônio e as relações sexuais deveriam se submeter às leis determinadas pela intelectualidade esclarecida, constituíram o cerne da educação para a consciência eugênica desenvolvida no Boletim de Eugenia e, de forma específica, na campanha empreendida por Kehl, Piza Júnior e Domingues. Verificamos que a anulação do sujeito a partir da redução do ser humano à sua natureza biológica e o discurso da imparcialidade técnica, subprodutos da face totalitária do Esclarecimento, fundamentaram as bases epistemológicas da educação lato sensu delineada por Galton e assimilada de forma particular pelos três diretores do Boletim de Eugenia. Finalmente, interpelamos as interpretações reducionistas sobre o tema, como a ideia da eugenia como sinônimo de conservadorismo, como uma pseudociência, como uma irracionalidade dissociada do progresso científico ou como um passado já superado. Concluímos com a proposição do modelo teórico-crítico da razão eugênica para a compreensão dos fundamentos epistemológicos dessa ciência, segundo o qual a eugenia não compreende uma espécie de retorno à barbárie, mas justamente o triunfo do progresso esclarecido.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Capes-PrInt: processo n° 88887.569968/2020-00Capes-DS: processo nº 88887.644568/2021-00porUniversidade Federal de São CarlosCâmpus São CarlosPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Educação - PPGEUFSCarAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Brazilhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/br/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessEugeniaEducação eugênicaBoletim de EugeniaRazão instrumentalTeoria CríticaEugenicsEugenic educationInstrumental reasonCritical TheoryRazón instrumentalEugenesiaEducación eugenésicaTeoría críticaCIENCIAS HUMANAS::EDUCACAO::FUNDAMENTOS DA EDUCACAOCIENCIAS HUMANAS::FILOSOFIA::EPISTEMOLOGIACIENCIAS HUMANAS::EDUCACAO::FUNDAMENTOS DA EDUCACAO::HISTORIA DA EDUCACAOCIENCIAS HUMANAS::HISTORIA::HISTORIA DAS CIENCIASCrítica da razão eugênica: a educação para a consciência racial em Renato Kehl, Salvador de Toledo Piza Júnior e Octavio DominguesCritique of eugenic reason: education for racial consciousness in Renato Kehl, Salvador de Toledo Piza Júnior and Octavio DominguesCrítica de la razón eugenésica: la educación para la conciencia racial en Renato Kehl, Salvador de Toledo Piza Júnior y Octavio Dominguesinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis600600acd453d2-cb5a-40a8-9d8b-5bb3c3a95656reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFSCARinstname:Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCAR)instacron:UFSCARORIGINALTese de doutorado - Guilherme Roitberg.pdfTese de doutorado - Guilherme Roitberg.pdfTexto principalapplication/pdf4739433https://repositorio.ufscar.br/bitstream/ufscar/18265/1/Tese%20de%20doutorado%20-%20Guilherme%20Roitberg.pdf1fb06aa66b87cdfc7ef19f33aa06334eMD51CC-LICENSElicense_rdflicense_rdfapplication/rdf+xml; charset=utf-8810https://repositorio.ufscar.br/bitstream/ufscar/18265/2/license_rdff337d95da1fce0a22c77480e5e9a7aecMD52TEXTTese de doutorado - Guilherme Roitberg.pdf.txtTese de doutorado - Guilherme Roitberg.pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain1329268https://repositorio.ufscar.br/bitstream/ufscar/18265/3/Tese%20de%20doutorado%20-%20Guilherme%20Roitberg.pdf.txt018ba8bce41a539340dd802d2b6069dfMD53ufscar/182652024-05-14 17:37:24.264oai:repositorio.ufscar.br:ufscar/18265Repositório InstitucionalPUBhttps://repositorio.ufscar.br/oai/requestopendoar:43222024-05-14T17:37:24Repositório Institucional da UFSCAR - Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCAR)false |
dc.title.por.fl_str_mv |
Crítica da razão eugênica: a educação para a consciência racial em Renato Kehl, Salvador de Toledo Piza Júnior e Octavio Domingues |
dc.title.alternative.eng.fl_str_mv |
Critique of eugenic reason: education for racial consciousness in Renato Kehl, Salvador de Toledo Piza Júnior and Octavio Domingues |
dc.title.alternative.esp.fl_str_mv |
Crítica de la razón eugenésica: la educación para la conciencia racial en Renato Kehl, Salvador de Toledo Piza Júnior y Octavio Domingues |
title |
Crítica da razão eugênica: a educação para a consciência racial em Renato Kehl, Salvador de Toledo Piza Júnior e Octavio Domingues |
spellingShingle |
Crítica da razão eugênica: a educação para a consciência racial em Renato Kehl, Salvador de Toledo Piza Júnior e Octavio Domingues Roitberg, Guilherme Prado Eugenia Educação eugênica Boletim de Eugenia Razão instrumental Teoria Crítica Eugenics Eugenic education Instrumental reason Critical Theory Razón instrumental Eugenesia Educación eugenésica Teoría crítica CIENCIAS HUMANAS::EDUCACAO::FUNDAMENTOS DA EDUCACAO CIENCIAS HUMANAS::FILOSOFIA::EPISTEMOLOGIA CIENCIAS HUMANAS::EDUCACAO::FUNDAMENTOS DA EDUCACAO::HISTORIA DA EDUCACAO CIENCIAS HUMANAS::HISTORIA::HISTORIA DAS CIENCIAS |
title_short |
Crítica da razão eugênica: a educação para a consciência racial em Renato Kehl, Salvador de Toledo Piza Júnior e Octavio Domingues |
title_full |
Crítica da razão eugênica: a educação para a consciência racial em Renato Kehl, Salvador de Toledo Piza Júnior e Octavio Domingues |
title_fullStr |
Crítica da razão eugênica: a educação para a consciência racial em Renato Kehl, Salvador de Toledo Piza Júnior e Octavio Domingues |
title_full_unstemmed |
Crítica da razão eugênica: a educação para a consciência racial em Renato Kehl, Salvador de Toledo Piza Júnior e Octavio Domingues |
title_sort |
Crítica da razão eugênica: a educação para a consciência racial em Renato Kehl, Salvador de Toledo Piza Júnior e Octavio Domingues |
author |
Roitberg, Guilherme Prado |
author_facet |
Roitberg, Guilherme Prado |
author_role |
author |
dc.contributor.authorlattes.por.fl_str_mv |
http://lattes.cnpq.br/3993968379492241 |
dc.contributor.authororcid.por.fl_str_mv |
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0338-2270 |
dc.contributor.advisor1orcid.por.fl_str_mv |
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8867-7897 |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Roitberg, Guilherme Prado |
dc.contributor.advisor1.fl_str_mv |
Gomes, Luiz Roberto |
dc.contributor.advisor1Lattes.fl_str_mv |
http://lattes.cnpq.br/4768579559449929 |
dc.contributor.authorID.fl_str_mv |
b918ded3-145c-49f4-93d8-245d6b9d92de |
contributor_str_mv |
Gomes, Luiz Roberto |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
Eugenia Educação eugênica Boletim de Eugenia Razão instrumental Teoria Crítica |
topic |
Eugenia Educação eugênica Boletim de Eugenia Razão instrumental Teoria Crítica Eugenics Eugenic education Instrumental reason Critical Theory Razón instrumental Eugenesia Educación eugenésica Teoría crítica CIENCIAS HUMANAS::EDUCACAO::FUNDAMENTOS DA EDUCACAO CIENCIAS HUMANAS::FILOSOFIA::EPISTEMOLOGIA CIENCIAS HUMANAS::EDUCACAO::FUNDAMENTOS DA EDUCACAO::HISTORIA DA EDUCACAO CIENCIAS HUMANAS::HISTORIA::HISTORIA DAS CIENCIAS |
dc.subject.eng.fl_str_mv |
Eugenics Eugenic education Instrumental reason Critical Theory Razón instrumental |
dc.subject.esp.fl_str_mv |
Eugenesia Educación eugenésica Teoría crítica |
dc.subject.cnpq.fl_str_mv |
CIENCIAS HUMANAS::EDUCACAO::FUNDAMENTOS DA EDUCACAO CIENCIAS HUMANAS::FILOSOFIA::EPISTEMOLOGIA CIENCIAS HUMANAS::EDUCACAO::FUNDAMENTOS DA EDUCACAO::HISTORIA DA EDUCACAO CIENCIAS HUMANAS::HISTORIA::HISTORIA DAS CIENCIAS |
description |
Defined by the English polymath Sir Francis Galton (1822-1911) as the science of racial improvement, eugenics became popular among the Brazilian intellectual elite in the context of the First Republic. In the 1920s and 1930s, the “moderate” interpretations that conceived eugenics as synonymous with hygiene and sanitation were contested by the most radical wing of this movement, which envisioned the racial improvement of the population by combating the “degenerative threats” represented by blacks, mestizos, disabled and poor workers. Edited in Rio de Janeiro by the physician and pharmacist Renato Ferraz Kehl (1889-1974), the Boletim de Eugenia (1929-1933) became the largest journal specialized in the science of racial improvement in Brazil. In 1932 and 1933, its direction was taken over by professors from the Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ) Salvador de Toledo Piza Júnior (1898-1988) and Octavio Domingues (1897-1972). Transforming a propaganda newspaper into a scientific magazine, the two renowned geneticists from Piracicaba scientifically supported eugenics based on Mendelian genetics, guaranteeing the continuity of the popularization project started by Kehl. Starting from this historical context, with theoretical-methodological support in documentary and bibliographical research, we analyze the education for the eugenic conscience or racial conscience exposed in the articles, correspondences, lectures, and books published by the three Boletim de Eugenia's directors. We explain the epistemological foundations of lato sensu education envisaged by these intellectuals, contrasting them with the theoretical-critical diagnosis of the crisis of reason elaborated by Max Horkheimer (1895-1973). We found that the Horkheimerian argument that denounced the enlightened roots of eugenics remains fundamental to the understanding of what we call eugenic reason, that is, the instrumental and mythologized reason that enabled the dissemination of eugenics as a socially accepted science. We verified that the objectification and manipulation of sex by the instrumental reason, according to which marriage and sexual relations should be submitted to the laws determined by the enlightened intellectuality, constituted the core of the education for the eugenic conscience developed in the Boletim de Eugenia and, specifically, in the campaign undertaken by Kehl, Piza Júnior and Domingues. We demonstrate that the annulment of the subject from the reduction of the human being to his biological nature and the discourse of technical impartiality, by-products of the totalitarian face of the Enlightenment, founded the epistemological bases of the lato sensu education outlined by Galton and assimilated in a particular way by the three Boletim de Eugenia's directors. Finally, we question reductionist interpretations of the subject, such as the idea of eugenics as synonymous with conservatism, as a pseudoscience, as an irrationality dissociated from scientific progress, or as a surpassed past. We conclude with the proposition of the theoretical-critical model of eugenic reason for understanding the epistemological foundations of this science, according to which eugenics does not comprise a kind of return to barbarism, but precisely the triumph of enlightened progress. |
publishDate |
2023 |
dc.date.accessioned.fl_str_mv |
2023-07-12T13:30:03Z |
dc.date.available.fl_str_mv |
2023-07-12T13:30:03Z |
dc.date.issued.fl_str_mv |
2023-06-19 |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis |
format |
doctoralThesis |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.citation.fl_str_mv |
ROITBERG, Guilherme Prado. Crítica da razão eugênica: a educação para a consciência racial em Renato Kehl, Salvador de Toledo Piza Júnior e Octavio Domingues. 2023. Tese (Doutorado em Educação) – Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, 2023. Disponível em: https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/18265. |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/18265 |
identifier_str_mv |
ROITBERG, Guilherme Prado. Crítica da razão eugênica: a educação para a consciência racial em Renato Kehl, Salvador de Toledo Piza Júnior e Octavio Domingues. 2023. Tese (Doutorado em Educação) – Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, 2023. Disponível em: https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/18265. |
url |
https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/18265 |
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv |
por |
language |
por |
dc.relation.confidence.fl_str_mv |
600 600 |
dc.relation.authority.fl_str_mv |
acd453d2-cb5a-40a8-9d8b-5bb3c3a95656 |
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv |
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Brazil http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/br/ info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
rights_invalid_str_mv |
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Brazil http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/br/ |
eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Universidade Federal de São Carlos Câmpus São Carlos |
dc.publisher.program.fl_str_mv |
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação - PPGE |
dc.publisher.initials.fl_str_mv |
UFSCar |
publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Universidade Federal de São Carlos Câmpus São Carlos |
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv |
reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFSCAR instname:Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCAR) instacron:UFSCAR |
instname_str |
Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCAR) |
instacron_str |
UFSCAR |
institution |
UFSCAR |
reponame_str |
Repositório Institucional da UFSCAR |
collection |
Repositório Institucional da UFSCAR |
bitstream.url.fl_str_mv |
https://repositorio.ufscar.br/bitstream/ufscar/18265/1/Tese%20de%20doutorado%20-%20Guilherme%20Roitberg.pdf https://repositorio.ufscar.br/bitstream/ufscar/18265/2/license_rdf https://repositorio.ufscar.br/bitstream/ufscar/18265/3/Tese%20de%20doutorado%20-%20Guilherme%20Roitberg.pdf.txt |
bitstream.checksum.fl_str_mv |
1fb06aa66b87cdfc7ef19f33aa06334e f337d95da1fce0a22c77480e5e9a7aec 018ba8bce41a539340dd802d2b6069df |
bitstream.checksumAlgorithm.fl_str_mv |
MD5 MD5 MD5 |
repository.name.fl_str_mv |
Repositório Institucional da UFSCAR - Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCAR) |
repository.mail.fl_str_mv |
|
_version_ |
1802136424711979008 |