Avaliação do ciclo de vida de garrafas PET provenientes de fontes fósseis e renováveis
Autor(a) principal: | |
---|---|
Data de Publicação: | 2021 |
Tipo de documento: | Trabalho de conclusão de curso |
Idioma: | por |
Título da fonte: | Repositório Institucional da UFSCAR |
Texto Completo: | https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/16486 |
Resumo: | The consumption and inappropriate disposal of plastic packaging has caused enormous damage to the environment. Currently, there is a regulatory trend for companies to adopt systems with reverse logistics and resources from renewable sources as raw materials for packaging. However, the adoption of renewable-based inputs is not a sufficient criterion for the development of environmentally friendly technologies. Life cycle assessment (LCA) studies are necessary to characterize the advantages and disadvantages of packaging in the face of different environmental impact categories. The present study aimed to evaluate the potential environmental impacts of PET bottles produced from non-renewable and renewable chemical inputs. Four life cycles (systems) were evaluated, varying the origin (fossil or renewable) of PET monomers and the recycled PET resin content (from 0 to 20%) in the bottles. The life cycles were modeled using OpenLCA software with cradle-to-gate scope, assuming the production of PET bottles in Brazil as a functional unit. From the literature, the inventory for each system was developed, having as reference the state of São Paulo both as a source of raw materials and as a processing region. The indicators evaluated in this study were: occupation of agricultural land, soil transformation and natural resources, use of water resources, emission of greenhouse gases, toxicological effects on humans, fossil fuel depletion and freshwater ecotoxicity. The results indicated that the use of PET from renewable sources brings advantages, mainly in the reduction of toxicological effects (both on humans and freshwater) and on greenhouse gas emissions greenhouse (GHG). However, the same PET requires greater consumption of water resources and competes with agricultural land compared to petrochemical-based PET, which can have important social impacts The insertion of 20% recycled PET reduced all the impact indicators of the pet bottles. Therefore, the LCA carried out in this work allowed to conclude that using renewable sources does not mean reducing the impacts of the production and consumption of PET bottles in half environment, and that renewable solutions that require less use of resources such as electricity, water and farmland is needed. |
id |
SCAR_6d05dcc40b4d4612459fbd911ebc2aeb |
---|---|
oai_identifier_str |
oai:repositorio.ufscar.br:ufscar/16486 |
network_acronym_str |
SCAR |
network_name_str |
Repositório Institucional da UFSCAR |
repository_id_str |
4322 |
spelling |
Cortada, André LuchettiMoreira, Francys Kley Vieirahttp://lattes.cnpq.br/7156680316782417e7394679-7221-4806-b6b9-cb96f9c2df0b2022-08-10T19:23:20Z2022-08-10T19:23:20Z2021-11-18CORTADA, André Luchetti. Avaliação do ciclo de vida de garrafas PET provenientes de fontes fósseis e renováveis. 2021. Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso (Graduação em Engenharia de Materiais) – Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, 2021. Disponível em: https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/16486.https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/16486The consumption and inappropriate disposal of plastic packaging has caused enormous damage to the environment. Currently, there is a regulatory trend for companies to adopt systems with reverse logistics and resources from renewable sources as raw materials for packaging. However, the adoption of renewable-based inputs is not a sufficient criterion for the development of environmentally friendly technologies. Life cycle assessment (LCA) studies are necessary to characterize the advantages and disadvantages of packaging in the face of different environmental impact categories. The present study aimed to evaluate the potential environmental impacts of PET bottles produced from non-renewable and renewable chemical inputs. Four life cycles (systems) were evaluated, varying the origin (fossil or renewable) of PET monomers and the recycled PET resin content (from 0 to 20%) in the bottles. The life cycles were modeled using OpenLCA software with cradle-to-gate scope, assuming the production of PET bottles in Brazil as a functional unit. From the literature, the inventory for each system was developed, having as reference the state of São Paulo both as a source of raw materials and as a processing region. The indicators evaluated in this study were: occupation of agricultural land, soil transformation and natural resources, use of water resources, emission of greenhouse gases, toxicological effects on humans, fossil fuel depletion and freshwater ecotoxicity. The results indicated that the use of PET from renewable sources brings advantages, mainly in the reduction of toxicological effects (both on humans and freshwater) and on greenhouse gas emissions greenhouse (GHG). However, the same PET requires greater consumption of water resources and competes with agricultural land compared to petrochemical-based PET, which can have important social impacts The insertion of 20% recycled PET reduced all the impact indicators of the pet bottles. Therefore, the LCA carried out in this work allowed to conclude that using renewable sources does not mean reducing the impacts of the production and consumption of PET bottles in half environment, and that renewable solutions that require less use of resources such as electricity, water and farmland is needed.O consumo e descarte inapropriado de embalagens plásticas têm causado enormes danos ao meio ambiente. Atualmente, existe uma tendência regulatória para que empresas adotem sistemas de logística reversa e recursos de origem renovável como matérias-primas para embalagens. Todavia, a adoção de insumos de base renovável não é critério suficiente para o desenvolvimento de tecnologias ambientalmente saudáveis. Estudos por avaliação do ciclo de vida (ACV) são necessários para caracterizar as vantagens e desvantagens das embalagens frente a diferentes categorias de impacto ambiental. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar os potenciais impactos ambientais de garrafas PET produzidas a partir de insumos químicos de fonte não renovável e renovável. Quatro ciclos de vida (sistemas) foram avaliados, variando a origem (fóssil ou renovável) dos monômeros de síntese do PET e o teor de resina PET reciclada (de 0 a 20%) nas garrafas. Os ciclos de vida foram modelados utilizando o software OpenLCA com limite do tipo cradle-to-gate e assumindo a produção de garrafas PET do Brasil como unidade funcional. A partir da literatura, o inventário para cada sistema foi desenvolvido, tendo como referência o estado de São Paulo tanto como fonte de matérias-primas quanto região de processamento. Os indicadores avaliados nesse estudo foram as categorias: ocupação de terras agrícolas, transformação de solos naturais, uso de recursos hídricos, emissão de gases do efeito estufa, efeitos toxicológicos em humanos, esgotamento de combustíveis fósseis e ecotoxicidade de água doce. Os resultados indicaram que o uso de PET de fonte renováveis traz vantagens, principalmente na redução de efeitos toxicológicos (tanto em humanos quanto de água doce) e em emissões de gases do efeito estufa (GEE). Porém, o mesmo PET exige um maior consumo de recursos hídricos e compete com terras agrícolas em relação ao PET de base petroquímica, o que pode ter impactos sociais importantes. A inserção de 20% de PET reciclado reduziu todos os indicadores de impacto das garrafas PET. Portanto, a ACV realizada neste trabalho permitiu concluir que usar insumos renováveis não significa reduzir os impactos da produção e consumo de garrafas PET ao meio ambiente, e que soluções renováveis que exijam menor uso de recursos como eletricidade, água e terras agrícolas são necessárias.Não recebi financiamentoporUniversidade Federal de São CarlosCâmpus São CarlosEngenharia de Materiais - EMaUFSCarAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Brazilhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/br/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessGarrafas PETACVReciclagemQuímicos renováveisPolímeros verdesPET bottleLCARecyclingRenewable chemicalsGreen polymersENGENHARIAS::ENGENHARIA DE MATERIAIS E METALURGICA::MATERIAIS NAO METALICOSAvaliação do ciclo de vida de garrafas PET provenientes de fontes fósseis e renováveisLife cycle assessment of PET bottles produced from fossil and renewable sourcesinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesis60060089d75eec-0553-4cfa-817a-f2ee7161f963reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFSCARinstname:Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCAR)instacron:UFSCARCC-LICENSElicense_rdflicense_rdfapplication/rdf+xml; charset=utf-8811https://repositorio.ufscar.br/bitstream/ufscar/16486/2/license_rdfe39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34MD52ORIGINALAndre Luchetti Cortada.pdfAndre Luchetti Cortada.pdfapplication/pdf1378256https://repositorio.ufscar.br/bitstream/ufscar/16486/1/Andre%20Luchetti%20Cortada.pdfff8f65491eae6af9d0870e1330126202MD51TEXTAndre Luchetti Cortada.pdf.txtAndre Luchetti Cortada.pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain76130https://repositorio.ufscar.br/bitstream/ufscar/16486/3/Andre%20Luchetti%20Cortada.pdf.txtd7481a771a283debbdb1063e97c511baMD53THUMBNAILAndre Luchetti Cortada.pdf.jpgAndre Luchetti Cortada.pdf.jpgIM Thumbnailimage/jpeg6457https://repositorio.ufscar.br/bitstream/ufscar/16486/4/Andre%20Luchetti%20Cortada.pdf.jpg7ddf3572b318aacd229d042bafeaf7c2MD54ufscar/164862023-09-18 18:32:21.991oai:repositorio.ufscar.br:ufscar/16486Repositório InstitucionalPUBhttps://repositorio.ufscar.br/oai/requestopendoar:43222023-09-18T18:32:21Repositório Institucional da UFSCAR - Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCAR)false |
dc.title.por.fl_str_mv |
Avaliação do ciclo de vida de garrafas PET provenientes de fontes fósseis e renováveis |
dc.title.alternative.eng.fl_str_mv |
Life cycle assessment of PET bottles produced from fossil and renewable sources |
title |
Avaliação do ciclo de vida de garrafas PET provenientes de fontes fósseis e renováveis |
spellingShingle |
Avaliação do ciclo de vida de garrafas PET provenientes de fontes fósseis e renováveis Cortada, André Luchetti Garrafas PET ACV Reciclagem Químicos renováveis Polímeros verdes PET bottle LCA Recycling Renewable chemicals Green polymers ENGENHARIAS::ENGENHARIA DE MATERIAIS E METALURGICA::MATERIAIS NAO METALICOS |
title_short |
Avaliação do ciclo de vida de garrafas PET provenientes de fontes fósseis e renováveis |
title_full |
Avaliação do ciclo de vida de garrafas PET provenientes de fontes fósseis e renováveis |
title_fullStr |
Avaliação do ciclo de vida de garrafas PET provenientes de fontes fósseis e renováveis |
title_full_unstemmed |
Avaliação do ciclo de vida de garrafas PET provenientes de fontes fósseis e renováveis |
title_sort |
Avaliação do ciclo de vida de garrafas PET provenientes de fontes fósseis e renováveis |
author |
Cortada, André Luchetti |
author_facet |
Cortada, André Luchetti |
author_role |
author |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Cortada, André Luchetti |
dc.contributor.advisor1.fl_str_mv |
Moreira, Francys Kley Vieira |
dc.contributor.advisor1Lattes.fl_str_mv |
http://lattes.cnpq.br/7156680316782417 |
dc.contributor.authorID.fl_str_mv |
e7394679-7221-4806-b6b9-cb96f9c2df0b |
contributor_str_mv |
Moreira, Francys Kley Vieira |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
Garrafas PET ACV Reciclagem Químicos renováveis Polímeros verdes |
topic |
Garrafas PET ACV Reciclagem Químicos renováveis Polímeros verdes PET bottle LCA Recycling Renewable chemicals Green polymers ENGENHARIAS::ENGENHARIA DE MATERIAIS E METALURGICA::MATERIAIS NAO METALICOS |
dc.subject.eng.fl_str_mv |
PET bottle LCA Recycling Renewable chemicals Green polymers |
dc.subject.cnpq.fl_str_mv |
ENGENHARIAS::ENGENHARIA DE MATERIAIS E METALURGICA::MATERIAIS NAO METALICOS |
description |
The consumption and inappropriate disposal of plastic packaging has caused enormous damage to the environment. Currently, there is a regulatory trend for companies to adopt systems with reverse logistics and resources from renewable sources as raw materials for packaging. However, the adoption of renewable-based inputs is not a sufficient criterion for the development of environmentally friendly technologies. Life cycle assessment (LCA) studies are necessary to characterize the advantages and disadvantages of packaging in the face of different environmental impact categories. The present study aimed to evaluate the potential environmental impacts of PET bottles produced from non-renewable and renewable chemical inputs. Four life cycles (systems) were evaluated, varying the origin (fossil or renewable) of PET monomers and the recycled PET resin content (from 0 to 20%) in the bottles. The life cycles were modeled using OpenLCA software with cradle-to-gate scope, assuming the production of PET bottles in Brazil as a functional unit. From the literature, the inventory for each system was developed, having as reference the state of São Paulo both as a source of raw materials and as a processing region. The indicators evaluated in this study were: occupation of agricultural land, soil transformation and natural resources, use of water resources, emission of greenhouse gases, toxicological effects on humans, fossil fuel depletion and freshwater ecotoxicity. The results indicated that the use of PET from renewable sources brings advantages, mainly in the reduction of toxicological effects (both on humans and freshwater) and on greenhouse gas emissions greenhouse (GHG). However, the same PET requires greater consumption of water resources and competes with agricultural land compared to petrochemical-based PET, which can have important social impacts The insertion of 20% recycled PET reduced all the impact indicators of the pet bottles. Therefore, the LCA carried out in this work allowed to conclude that using renewable sources does not mean reducing the impacts of the production and consumption of PET bottles in half environment, and that renewable solutions that require less use of resources such as electricity, water and farmland is needed. |
publishDate |
2021 |
dc.date.issued.fl_str_mv |
2021-11-18 |
dc.date.accessioned.fl_str_mv |
2022-08-10T19:23:20Z |
dc.date.available.fl_str_mv |
2022-08-10T19:23:20Z |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesis |
format |
bachelorThesis |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.citation.fl_str_mv |
CORTADA, André Luchetti. Avaliação do ciclo de vida de garrafas PET provenientes de fontes fósseis e renováveis. 2021. Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso (Graduação em Engenharia de Materiais) – Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, 2021. Disponível em: https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/16486. |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/16486 |
identifier_str_mv |
CORTADA, André Luchetti. Avaliação do ciclo de vida de garrafas PET provenientes de fontes fósseis e renováveis. 2021. Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso (Graduação em Engenharia de Materiais) – Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, 2021. Disponível em: https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/16486. |
url |
https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/16486 |
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv |
por |
language |
por |
dc.relation.confidence.fl_str_mv |
600 600 |
dc.relation.authority.fl_str_mv |
89d75eec-0553-4cfa-817a-f2ee7161f963 |
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv |
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Brazil http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/br/ info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
rights_invalid_str_mv |
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Brazil http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/br/ |
eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Universidade Federal de São Carlos Câmpus São Carlos Engenharia de Materiais - EMa |
dc.publisher.initials.fl_str_mv |
UFSCar |
publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Universidade Federal de São Carlos Câmpus São Carlos Engenharia de Materiais - EMa |
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv |
reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFSCAR instname:Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCAR) instacron:UFSCAR |
instname_str |
Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCAR) |
instacron_str |
UFSCAR |
institution |
UFSCAR |
reponame_str |
Repositório Institucional da UFSCAR |
collection |
Repositório Institucional da UFSCAR |
bitstream.url.fl_str_mv |
https://repositorio.ufscar.br/bitstream/ufscar/16486/2/license_rdf https://repositorio.ufscar.br/bitstream/ufscar/16486/1/Andre%20Luchetti%20Cortada.pdf https://repositorio.ufscar.br/bitstream/ufscar/16486/3/Andre%20Luchetti%20Cortada.pdf.txt https://repositorio.ufscar.br/bitstream/ufscar/16486/4/Andre%20Luchetti%20Cortada.pdf.jpg |
bitstream.checksum.fl_str_mv |
e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 ff8f65491eae6af9d0870e1330126202 d7481a771a283debbdb1063e97c511ba 7ddf3572b318aacd229d042bafeaf7c2 |
bitstream.checksumAlgorithm.fl_str_mv |
MD5 MD5 MD5 MD5 |
repository.name.fl_str_mv |
Repositório Institucional da UFSCAR - Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCAR) |
repository.mail.fl_str_mv |
|
_version_ |
1802136409984729088 |