Populismo no governo Bolsonaro e os ataques ao Supremo Tribunal Federal: respostas institucionais à erosão democrática.

• Autor(a) principal: Silva, José Claudio Cavalcanti
• Data de Publicação: 2022
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UNICAP
• Texto Completo: http://tede2.unicap.br:8080/handle/tede/1586
• topic: Dissertações; Democracia; Direito constitucional; Populismo; Brasil - Supremo Tribunal Federal; Dissertations; Democracy; Constitutional right; Populism; Brazil - Federal Supreme Court; CIENCIAS SOCIAIS APLICADAS::DIREITO

Populism emerged in Latin America, more specifically in Argentina, in the first decades of twentieth century, after Second World War, causing changes in political, social, legal, constitutional, and economic environments. According to the analyzed doctrine, populism populism is presented as a Manichean struggle where society and political environment are polarized into two distinct classes: "the we", represented by the people, now identified by the masses, and on the other side, "the elite", represented by politicians, intellectuals, and businessmen. Populism is generally seen as a radical democratic form with traits of authoritarianism, nationalism, and exclusion of some classes. Generally, populism requires the figure of a leader who represents a redemptive struggle of the lower classes, forgotten by their representatives in Parliament. In the 21st century, populism emerges strongly in the political arena, having as one of its causes the crisis of political representation caused by the low popularity of the parties, which can no longer cope with the social demands. This paper seeks to determine whether in Brazil at the end of the second decade of the 21st century, the current government of President Jair Messias Bolsonaro is causing a process of erosion of Brazilian democracy and to what extent the Supreme Court has contained this process of democratic erosion and reacted to the attacks of the Bolsonaro government, through institutional responses in the context of its function as the supreme court that performs constitutionality control. Thus, we will make a historical, political and constitutional analysis of populism and of the main contemporary theories that seek to explain populism, thus analyzing its causes and characteristics, in order to determine whether in fact the current Brazilian government is aligned with extreme right-wing populism, And finally, we conclude with the confirmation or not of the hypothesis raised and the answer to the question whether the attacks made by Bolsonaro's government on the Supreme Court are a process of erosion of Brazilian democracy and whether the Supreme Court has rejected the attacks effectively in defense of democracy.