Predação de sementes em Erythrina falcata Benth. Fabaceae - Faboideae: Biologia dos insetos predadores e estratégias de compensação da planta

Detalhes bibliográficos
Autor(a) principal: Pereira, Cristiano Marcondes
Data de Publicação: 2011
Tipo de documento: Dissertação
Idioma: por
Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações do UNICENTRO
Texto Completo: http://localhost:8080/tede/handle/tede/378
Resumo: Seed production is an important stage in the life history of plants, because these are the structures responsible for the replacement of individuals and also the expansion and perpetuation of the population, while also acting as a dispersion medium for colonization of distant areas of a population. The Seed predation exerted by insects has negative effects on plant reproduction by limit the supply of seeds and prevents germination. Erythrina falcata, known as corticeira ou bico-de-papagaio is a native plant from Atlantic forest, pioneer mainly for planting trees in urban environments and the restoration of degraded forests. In this work were identified the species of insects that prey on seeds of E.falcata in pre-dispersion and ecological aspects of interaction between this insects and plant. Five insect species were found preying on seeds of E. falcata, three of which belong to the order Lepidoptera, Crambidae family, (Agathodes designalis, Liopasia ochracealis and Terastia meticulosalis) and two coleopterans (Cathartus quadricollis - Silvanidae and Paratenetus sp - Tenebrionidae). Was observed also one species of hymenopteran (Macrocentrus sp. - Braconidae) which is parasitoid of larvae of lepidopterans. The species have different behaviors of predation, larvae of lepidopterans feeding only on green seeds and the coleopterans only of mature seeds with the endosperm accessible. This makes coleopterans secondary predators, dependent on the primary action of the larvae of lepidopterans. The three species of lepidopterans feed more than one seed during its larval stage, increasing the predation impact. The presence of the parasitoid Macrocentrus sp. can have effect on rates of predation because parasitized larvae do not feed and pupate, being the parasitoid completes its development inside the host pupa, killing her and then emerging. Plant biometric variables such as pod length and width, are related to the number of seeds per pod. This condition, however, not has influences on predation rates in the sampled area. The seed predation ranged from minimum of the 50% to a maximum of the 83% of the seeds between the plants sampled, whereas average overall predation was 70% of viable seeds. This demonstrates that the plant may have shaped its natural history in the presence of insect predators which enables his stay in the environment, indifferent to predation, or has strategies that seek to reduce the impact of predation on their seeds. Among these strategies, is possible that plants have periods of masting fruits, followed by intervals without production of fruits and seeds. This phenomenon generates unpredictability of resources for seed predators, regulating and reducing their population levels and has direct effects on rates of seed predation.
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spelling Silva, Paulo Roberto daCPF:45784657467Moura, Mauricio OsvaldoCPF:74836743678http://lattes.cnpq.br/0091501164531871CPF:06365927908http://lattes.cnpq.br/7941524736768036Pereira, Cristiano Marcondes2016-09-20T12:29:22Z2012-05-242011-01-01PEREIRA, Cristiano Marcondes. Seed predation in Erythrina falcata Benth. Fabaceae - Faboideae: Biology of insect predators and plant compensation strategies. 2011. 81 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Biologia Evolutiva) - UNICENTRO - Universidade Estadual do Centro Oeste, Guarapuava, PR, 2011.http://localhost:8080/tede/handle/tede/378Seed production is an important stage in the life history of plants, because these are the structures responsible for the replacement of individuals and also the expansion and perpetuation of the population, while also acting as a dispersion medium for colonization of distant areas of a population. The Seed predation exerted by insects has negative effects on plant reproduction by limit the supply of seeds and prevents germination. Erythrina falcata, known as corticeira ou bico-de-papagaio is a native plant from Atlantic forest, pioneer mainly for planting trees in urban environments and the restoration of degraded forests. In this work were identified the species of insects that prey on seeds of E.falcata in pre-dispersion and ecological aspects of interaction between this insects and plant. Five insect species were found preying on seeds of E. falcata, three of which belong to the order Lepidoptera, Crambidae family, (Agathodes designalis, Liopasia ochracealis and Terastia meticulosalis) and two coleopterans (Cathartus quadricollis - Silvanidae and Paratenetus sp - Tenebrionidae). Was observed also one species of hymenopteran (Macrocentrus sp. - Braconidae) which is parasitoid of larvae of lepidopterans. The species have different behaviors of predation, larvae of lepidopterans feeding only on green seeds and the coleopterans only of mature seeds with the endosperm accessible. This makes coleopterans secondary predators, dependent on the primary action of the larvae of lepidopterans. The three species of lepidopterans feed more than one seed during its larval stage, increasing the predation impact. The presence of the parasitoid Macrocentrus sp. can have effect on rates of predation because parasitized larvae do not feed and pupate, being the parasitoid completes its development inside the host pupa, killing her and then emerging. Plant biometric variables such as pod length and width, are related to the number of seeds per pod. This condition, however, not has influences on predation rates in the sampled area. The seed predation ranged from minimum of the 50% to a maximum of the 83% of the seeds between the plants sampled, whereas average overall predation was 70% of viable seeds. This demonstrates that the plant may have shaped its natural history in the presence of insect predators which enables his stay in the environment, indifferent to predation, or has strategies that seek to reduce the impact of predation on their seeds. Among these strategies, is possible that plants have periods of masting fruits, followed by intervals without production of fruits and seeds. This phenomenon generates unpredictability of resources for seed predators, regulating and reducing their population levels and has direct effects on rates of seed predation.A produção de sementes é um importante estágio na história de vida das plantas, pois são estas as estruturas responsáveis pela reposição de indivíduos e também expansão e perpetuação das populações, funcionando também como meio de dispersão para colonização de áreas distantes de uma população. A Predação de sementes exercida por insetos tem efeitos negativos na reprodução das plantas ao limitarem a oferta de sementes ou impedirem sua germinação. Erythrina falcata, conhecida como corticeira ou bico-de-papagaio, é uma planta nativa de floresta atlântica, de caráter pioneiro, utilizada principalmente na arborização de ambientes urbanos e na restauração de matas degradadas. Neste trabalho foram identificadas as espécies de insetos que predam as sementes de E.falcata no período de pré-dispersão e aspectos ecológicos da interação entre os insetos e a planta. Cinco espécies de insetos foram encontradas predando as sementes de E. falcata, sendo que três pertencem a ordem Lepidoptera, família Crambidae, (Agathodes designalis, Liopasia ochracealis e Terastia meticulosalis) e dois a Coleoptera, (Cathartus quadricollis - Silvanidae e Paratenetus sp - Tenebrionidae). Foi observada também uma espécie de himenóptero, (Macrocentrus sp. - Braconidae) que é parasitóide das larvas de lepidópteros. As espécies apresentaram diferentes comportamentos de predação, com as larvas de lepidópteros se alimentando apenas de sementes verdes e os coleópteros somente de sementes maduras, mas que já estavam com o endosperma acessível. Isto os torna predadores secundários, dependentes da ação primária das larvas de lepidópteros. As três espécies de lepidópteros se alimentam de mais de uma semente durante o seu estágio larval, aumentando o impacto da predação. A presença do parasitóide Macrocentrus sp. tem efeito direto sobre os índices de predação, pois larvas parasitadas, não se alimentam e empupam, sendo que o parasitóide termina o seu desenvolvimento no interior da pupa do hospedeiro, matando-a e posteriormente emergindo. Variáveis biométricas da planta como comprimento e largura, se relacionam ao número de sementes por vagem. Esta condição, entretanto, não é o que influencia nas taxas de predação da área amostrada. A predação de sementes variou de um mínimo 50% ao máximo de 83% das sementes entre as plantas amostradas, sendo que á média geral de predação foi de 70% do total de sementes viáveis. Isto demonstra que a planta pode ter sua história natural moldada na presença de insetos predadores o que permite sua permanência no ambiente, indiferente a predação, ou que possua estratégias que busquem diminuir o impacto causado pela predação de suas sementes. Entre tais estratégias, é possível que a espécie apresente períodos de frutificação em massa, seguidos de intervalos sem produção de frutos e sementes. Este fenômeno acaba gerando imprevisibilidade de recursos para os insetos predadores de sementes, regulando e diminuindo seus níveis populacionais, o que tem efeitos diretos sobre os índices de predação de sementes.Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-20T12:29:22Z (GMT). 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dc.title.por.fl_str_mv Predação de sementes em Erythrina falcata Benth. Fabaceae - Faboideae: Biologia dos insetos predadores e estratégias de compensação da planta
dc.title.alternative.eng.fl_str_mv Seed predation in Erythrina falcata Benth. Fabaceae - Faboideae: Biology of insect predators and plant compensation strategies
title Predação de sementes em Erythrina falcata Benth. Fabaceae - Faboideae: Biologia dos insetos predadores e estratégias de compensação da planta
spellingShingle Predação de sementes em Erythrina falcata Benth. Fabaceae - Faboideae: Biologia dos insetos predadores e estratégias de compensação da planta
Pereira, Cristiano Marcondes
Lepidoptera
Coleoptera
Floresta atlantica
Interação inseto-planta
Lepidoptera
Coleoptera
Atlantic forest
Insect-plant interactions
CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::BIOLOGIA GERAL
title_short Predação de sementes em Erythrina falcata Benth. Fabaceae - Faboideae: Biologia dos insetos predadores e estratégias de compensação da planta
title_full Predação de sementes em Erythrina falcata Benth. Fabaceae - Faboideae: Biologia dos insetos predadores e estratégias de compensação da planta
title_fullStr Predação de sementes em Erythrina falcata Benth. Fabaceae - Faboideae: Biologia dos insetos predadores e estratégias de compensação da planta
title_full_unstemmed Predação de sementes em Erythrina falcata Benth. Fabaceae - Faboideae: Biologia dos insetos predadores e estratégias de compensação da planta
title_sort Predação de sementes em Erythrina falcata Benth. Fabaceae - Faboideae: Biologia dos insetos predadores e estratégias de compensação da planta
author Pereira, Cristiano Marcondes
author_facet Pereira, Cristiano Marcondes
author_role author
dc.contributor.advisor1.fl_str_mv Silva, Paulo Roberto da
dc.contributor.advisor1ID.fl_str_mv CPF:45784657467
dc.contributor.advisor-co1.fl_str_mv Moura, Mauricio Osvaldo
dc.contributor.advisor-co1ID.fl_str_mv CPF:74836743678
dc.contributor.advisor-co1Lattes.fl_str_mv http://lattes.cnpq.br/0091501164531871
dc.contributor.authorID.fl_str_mv CPF:06365927908
dc.contributor.authorLattes.fl_str_mv http://lattes.cnpq.br/7941524736768036
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv Pereira, Cristiano Marcondes
contributor_str_mv Silva, Paulo Roberto da
Moura, Mauricio Osvaldo
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv Lepidoptera
Coleoptera
Floresta atlantica
Interação inseto-planta
topic Lepidoptera
Coleoptera
Floresta atlantica
Interação inseto-planta
Lepidoptera
Coleoptera
Atlantic forest
Insect-plant interactions
CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::BIOLOGIA GERAL
dc.subject.eng.fl_str_mv Lepidoptera
Coleoptera
Atlantic forest
Insect-plant interactions
dc.subject.cnpq.fl_str_mv CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::BIOLOGIA GERAL
description Seed production is an important stage in the life history of plants, because these are the structures responsible for the replacement of individuals and also the expansion and perpetuation of the population, while also acting as a dispersion medium for colonization of distant areas of a population. The Seed predation exerted by insects has negative effects on plant reproduction by limit the supply of seeds and prevents germination. Erythrina falcata, known as corticeira ou bico-de-papagaio is a native plant from Atlantic forest, pioneer mainly for planting trees in urban environments and the restoration of degraded forests. In this work were identified the species of insects that prey on seeds of E.falcata in pre-dispersion and ecological aspects of interaction between this insects and plant. Five insect species were found preying on seeds of E. falcata, three of which belong to the order Lepidoptera, Crambidae family, (Agathodes designalis, Liopasia ochracealis and Terastia meticulosalis) and two coleopterans (Cathartus quadricollis - Silvanidae and Paratenetus sp - Tenebrionidae). Was observed also one species of hymenopteran (Macrocentrus sp. - Braconidae) which is parasitoid of larvae of lepidopterans. The species have different behaviors of predation, larvae of lepidopterans feeding only on green seeds and the coleopterans only of mature seeds with the endosperm accessible. This makes coleopterans secondary predators, dependent on the primary action of the larvae of lepidopterans. The three species of lepidopterans feed more than one seed during its larval stage, increasing the predation impact. The presence of the parasitoid Macrocentrus sp. can have effect on rates of predation because parasitized larvae do not feed and pupate, being the parasitoid completes its development inside the host pupa, killing her and then emerging. Plant biometric variables such as pod length and width, are related to the number of seeds per pod. This condition, however, not has influences on predation rates in the sampled area. The seed predation ranged from minimum of the 50% to a maximum of the 83% of the seeds between the plants sampled, whereas average overall predation was 70% of viable seeds. This demonstrates that the plant may have shaped its natural history in the presence of insect predators which enables his stay in the environment, indifferent to predation, or has strategies that seek to reduce the impact of predation on their seeds. Among these strategies, is possible that plants have periods of masting fruits, followed by intervals without production of fruits and seeds. This phenomenon generates unpredictability of resources for seed predators, regulating and reducing their population levels and has direct effects on rates of seed predation.
publishDate 2011
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identifier_str_mv PEREIRA, Cristiano Marcondes. Seed predation in Erythrina falcata Benth. Fabaceae - Faboideae: Biology of insect predators and plant compensation strategies. 2011. 81 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Biologia Evolutiva) - UNICENTRO - Universidade Estadual do Centro Oeste, Guarapuava, PR, 2011.
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