Processo educativo no acompanhamento de indivíduos com diabetes mellitus tipo 2

• Autor(a) principal: Manoel, Maria Fernanda
• Data de Publicação: 2012
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da Universidade Estadual de Maringá (RI-UEM)
• Texto Completo: http://repositorio.uem.br:8080/jspui/handle/1/2445
• topic: Diabetes mellitus tipo 2; Processo educativo; Fatores de risco; Doença crônica; Educação em saúde; Promoção da saúde; Enfermagem; Qualidade de vida; Brasil.; Diabetes mellitus; Chonic disease; Health education; Health promotion; Nursing; Quality of life; Brazil.; Ciências da Saúde; Enfermagem

Type 2 Diabetes mellitus is a worldwide phenomenon that has grown rapidly in Brazil. Evaluating the effectiveness of strategies for monitoring individuals with diabetes is essential to improve assistance to these people. The objective of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of educational intervention of individual and group used in a monitoring program for individuals with type 2 Diabetes mellitus, with regard to knowledge about the disease, impact of diabetes on quality of life, adoption of self-care actions, as well as clinical and laboratory results. It is a longitudinal prospective study, using a sample consisting of 150 individuals who took part in a monitoring program for chronic patients in the city of Londrina-PR, selected by convenience. Data were collected from October 2011 to February 2012, using semi-structured interviews and applying four instruments: characterization questionnaire; Diabetes Knowledge Assessment (DKN-A) questionnaire; Problem Areas in Diabetes (PAID) questionnaire; and the Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities (SDSCA) questionnaire. Software R was used for data analysis. To evaluate the ratio between variables, the non-parametric ratio test, Fisher test and Kruskal-Wallis test were used. The Wilcoxon test was used for analysis of variables within the groups; a confidence interval of 95% was considered for all tests. The results show that most individuals were female, Caucasian, lived with a partner/spouse, had over eight years of schooling and mean individual income of five times the minimum wage. The most frequently reported comorbidity was arterial hypertension. In both intervention models - individual nursing consultation and group participation - improvements in the indicators were seen after six months of monitoring. For participants monitored individually, a mean improvement of 10.66% was observed in the level of knowledge after three months, and 15.65% after six months. For those in the group intervention, there was an increase of 12.56% in the level of knowledge after three months, and 20.38% after six months. The impact of diabetes on quality of life decreased in both groups and more intensely in the second evaluated time (17.63% and 20.11% for individuals in the individual intervention, and 27.50% and 38.41% for individuals in the group).With regard to adoption of self-care actions, an increase was observed initially, with reduction after the six months (5.60% increase and 32.42% decrease; 20.92% increase and 22.54% decrease, for individual and group intervention, respectively), demonstrating to a certain extent that the adoption of self-care practices is most enduring in group interventions. In general, no difference was observed in the effectiveness of either intervention modality with regard to clinical and laboratory indicators. It is concluded that both intervention models under analysis - individual and group - are capable of helping individuals with type 2 Diabetes mellitus, as they favor knowledge about the disease, reduce the impact on quality of life and promote compliance with self-care practices.