Avaliação nutricional da casca de soja, nas formas integral ou moída, ensilada ou não, para suínos nas fases de crescimento e terminação

• Autor(a) principal: Quadros, Arlei Rodrigues Bonet de
• Data de Publicação: 2006
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da Universidade Estadual de Maringá (RI-UEM)
• Texto Completo: http://repositorio.uem.br:8080/jspui/handle/1/1507
• topic: Suínos; Carcaça; Casca de soja; Avaliação nutricional; Silagem; Subproduto; Brasil.; Pigs; Housing; Soybean hulls; Nutritional assessment; Silage; By-product; Brazil.; Ciências Agrárias; Zootecnia

Three experiments were carried out to evaluate the effects of grinder and ensilage of soybean hull (SH). The Experiment I consisted of a digestibility trial using 12 crossbred, barrows, with 41.42 ± 0.99 kg of body weight . The feeds evaluated were the whole SH - (WSH); grinded SH (GSH); WSH silage (WSHS) and GSH silage (GSHS), that replaced (based on dry matter) 25% of the reference diet, resulting in four test diets. The digestible dry matter (DDM), digestible organic matter (DOM), digestible energy (DE), metabolizable energy (ME) and digestible protein (DP) were determined. The DDM, DOM, DE, ME and DP (as-feed basis) were, respectively, 67.80; 63.80; 48.82 and 47.32%; 72.66; 69.74; 70.69 and 71.01%; 2,730; 2,624; 2,011 and 1,874 kcal/kg; 2,507; 2,509; 1,908; 1,750 kcal/kg and 9.53; 9.00; 8.17; 7.06% for the WSH, GSH, WSHS and GSHS, respectively. The Experiment II was carried out to verify the effect of different soybean hull (SH) levels in isoenergetic diets for growing-finishing pigs. Forty crossbred pigs, barrows and gilts, with 27.84 ± 2,13 kg of BW, were blocked by weight and distributed in a randomized way in five treatments, with four replicates of two pigs per pen (experimental unit). The treatments consisted in 0.0; 4.0; 8.0; 12 and 16% of grinded SH (2,5 mm) inclusion on isoenergetic diets (16.4 and 15.0% CP and 3,385 and 3,390 kcal DE/kg) for growing and finishing phases, respectively. None of performance variables were influenced by SH inclusion on diets. The crescent SH levels promoted linear reduction on the back fat thickness (BT) and increased the shrinkage chilling (SCh), hot carcass yield (HCY) and cold carcass yield (CCY). To the variables hot carcass weight (HCW) and cold carcass weight (CCW) were observed quadratic effects and smaller values were observed with 8.0% of SH inclusion. The increased SH levels also increased the SCh, worst the carcass yield and decreased the BT. No difference was observed for the carcass length, ham weight, loin muscle area and meat: fat ratio. The results suggest that the inclusion up to 16% of SH in diets of growing-finishing pigs doesn't change their performance and can produce leaner carcasses. The Experiment III was carried out aiming to assess the influence of SH grinder and ensilage on performance and carcass traits of growing-finishing pigs. It was carried out an trial with 32 crossbred pigs, barrows and gilts, with initial BW of 24.58 ± 3.70 kg and final BW of 87.69 ± 7.50 kg. The treatments consisted of four diets: WSH - whole SH, GSH - grinded SH (2,5 mm), WSHS - whole SH silage and GSHS - grinded SH silage. The SH, independent of processing and physical form, was added at 16% (dry matter standardized on 97.87%). The diets contained 16.4 and 15.0% CP, 3,380 and 3,360 kcal ED/kg, respectively, to growing and finishing pigs. The design was a randomized blocks, with factorial design 2 x 2 (SH grinded or no and SH silage or no), with four replicates and two pigs per experimental unit. There was no effect of SH grinder and ensilage on DFI on growing and DWG and F: G on growing-finishing. The grinder turns worst the DFI and there was an interaction between SH grinder and ensilage on finishing phase. The whole and ground SH silage, provided better hot carcass weight in comparison with no silage. There was no interaction between grinder and ensilage of SH on the carcass traits studied. None of qualitative carcass variables was influenced by GSH or whole. The grinder and/or ensilage do not improve the SH use in the pigs nutrition, when included up to 16% on growing-finishing pigs, as well as do not influence the qualitative carcass traits. It was concluded that the SH grinder and ensilage do not influence nutrients digestibility, with exception of CP, that is better for SH silage. The whole SH or ground, ensilage or no, may to be included up to 16% on growing-finishing pigs diets without impairing performance and carcass traits.