Efeitos de uma intervenção educativa sobre o conhecimento e o comportamento em saúde cardiovascular de homens metalúrgicos

• Autor(a) principal: Ganassin, Gabriela Schiavon
• Data de Publicação: 2014
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da Universidade Estadual de Maringá (RI-UEM)
• Texto Completo: http://repositorio.uem.br:8080/jspui/handle/1/2368
• topic: Doenças cardiovasculares; Saúde do homem; Enfermagem; Estudos de intervenção; Educação em saúde; Saúde do trabalhador; Saúde coletiva; Saúde ocupacional; Medicina do trabalho; Brasil.; Cardiovascular diseases; Men s health; Nursing; Intervention studies; Health education; Occupational health; Brazil.; Ciências da Saúde; Enfermagem

Study with metallurgical men of a company in the metropolitan region of Maringá-PR, with the main objective of evaluating the effect of a health education program on knowledge, attitudes and health behaviors about cardiovascular diseases. Two methodological approaches were adopted, a quantitative, developed in two stages and a qualitative. At first, it was performed a cross-sectional study with 230 metallurgists, and the second time period, type of intervention before and after with 135 metallurgists. It was an educational intervention performed based on the operative group assumptions. The qualitative approach was carried out with 35 men in the intervention group. Data were collected between November 2013 and June 2014. In the quantitative approach were used structured and semi-structured instruments and the data were submitted to descriptive and inferential statistical analysis (logistic regressions, correlation coefficient Point-biserial, Kendall and Eta, Student t test, McNemar and Wilcoxon). In the qualitative approach were conducted semi-structured interviews and data were submitted to content analysis, thematic modality. The results of cross-sectional study showed a high prevalence of overweight, anthropometric indicators alterations and inadequate nutrition among metallurgical workers. Generally individuals with altered overweight and obesity anthropometric indicators showed higher risks of being affected by cardiovascular disease (CVD), as these indicators were highly correlated with age between 30 and 39 years, presence of a partner, high blood pressure, excessive alcohol consumption and altered blood glucose. The knowledge scores about risk factors for CVD were low (mean 66.5%), and positive correlations between the score of knowledge and age, overweight/obesity indicators and blood pressure were found, and negative correlations with marital status, indicating that the low level of awareness of CVD is associated with living without a partner. The educational intervention produced improvements in scores for CVD knowledge and these were statistically significant. After the intervention has been a statistically significant increase in the proportion of subjects with healthy eating habits, as well as decrease, although not significant, of physical inactivity and excessive alcohol consumption. In the analysis of qualitative data it was possible to see the commitment that the men had with educational activities and how this interest changed their behavior, allowing an improvement in quality of life. Also it is noted that when motivated, man can be a good disseminator agent of information in addition to being able to change his reality and the people that are around him. The findings of the study enhance the importance of educational activities, the operative group type, and research addressing the knowledge and behavior of men on CVD because its findings, both as research and interventions can help in clarifying doubts of men and help the management and planning actions that aim at disease prevention and health promotion, expanding the look of the nurse on human health and encouraging closer ties with this service.