Ajustes posturais e percepção de esforço durante a marcha com mochila escolar

• Autor(a) principal: Apoloni, Bruna Felix
• Data de Publicação: 2015
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da Universidade Estadual de Maringá (RI-UEM)
• Texto Completo: http://repositorio.uem.br:8080/jspui/handle/1/2172
• topic: Mochila escolar - Postura - Crianças; Marcha - Crianças; Biomecânica - Cinemática; Ciências da Saúde; Educação Física

The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of carrying a backpack with different loads in the posture of children and adolescents during gait and its relation to perceived exertion. The study included twenty five children and adolescents, aging between 10 and 14 years old with the following body measurements: mean body weight 45,47 ± 10,63 kg, average height 1,51 ± 0,08 m and body mass index 19,60 ± 3,29 kg/m2. The New York Test and descriptive values from Rodrigues et al. (2013) were used to rank BMI and posture. A questionnaire was validated and used to analyze the perceptions on the use of backpack. A three-dimensional analysis system (Vicon® system) composed of six infrared cameras with an acquisition frequency of 100Hz was used to record motion with and without the backpack. Magnitude loads of 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% relative to body weight were used. Three cycles of gait were analyzed to obtain spatiotemporal and angular variables of the head, shoulders, thorax, pelvis and knee in the sagittal plane. The OMNI scale for walking/running was used to check the perceived exertion. Results from the static posture evaluation showed that 88,00% of the volunteers had moderate postural deviation. The BMI classification did not cause significant changes in the spatiotemporal variables and the angular amplitudes. The validation of the questionnaire on the use of the backpack indicated that the instrument had good internal consistency (≥ 0,70) and reproducibility. As for the use of the backpack, 92% perceived their backpacks as heavy, 64% felt tired and 52% reported they felt pain during or after transport. It was found that loads of 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% caused postural adjustments and changes in gait in children and adolescents and that the perceived exertion was related to such changes. Some variables showed differences when compared to gait without backpack. The left-step length and left-stride length were different from baseline conditions with 5% and 10% loads. The simple right support time was different from the baseline conditions with loads of 15% and 20%. The left-step time, the left-stride time and left velocity were different from baseline with 5%, 10% and 15% loads. The amplitude of the right knee with a 10% load and the amplitude of the left thorax at the 10%, 15% and 20% conditions were different from baseline. In conclusion, this study showed that posture, perceived exertion and gait kinematics are changed with increased backpack load.