As relações retóricas no gênero resposta argumentativa : um estudo da superestrutura do gênero e da expressão linguística das relações

• Autor(a) principal: Santos, Jackline Altoé dos
• Data de Publicação: 2012
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da Universidade Estadual de Maringá (RI-UEM)
• Texto Completo: http://repositorio.uem.br:8080/jspui/handle/1/4060
• topic: Estrutura retórica do texto (RST); Redação de vestibular; Superestrutura textual/Microestrutura textual; Resposta argumentativa; Expressão linguística; Gênero; Relações retóricas (RST); Brasil.; Rhetorical Structure Theory (RST); Textual superstructure; Textual microstructure; Argumentative response genre; Linguistic expression of rhetorical relations; Brazil.; Linguística, Letras e Artes; Letras

According to the Rhetorical Structure Theory (RST), besides the explicit content conveyed by the sentences of a text, there are also implicit relations that emerge from the combination of different parts of the text and the arrangement among sentences. This study attempts to describe the occurrence of those relations, also called rhetorical relations, coherence relations, or relational propositions, in the superstructure of the argumentative response (AR) genre. The corpus of the texts analyzed was composed by 15 AR pieces of writing selected from the 2009 winter university entrance test applied at Maringá State University - Paraná, Brazil. For this particular writing the students had, based on a series of texts that had as the central theme "Addiction in the Internet", to answer the following question: "Is the Internet harmful?". The selection of this particular corpus was based on criteria that verified if the organization form of the different textual parts was adequate to the AR genre in the answer given by the candidates. The answers' adequacy was related to the argumentation developed. In the analysis, the relations that take place from the super to the microstructure are described, once the rhetorical relations permeate all the text, from the major parts to those relations established by just two sentences (MANN E THOMPSON, 2010). In addition to that, the linguistic means used by the writers in marking relations are also described. The textual superstructure analysis demonstrated that the majority of candidates developed the initial statement in relation to the evidence given. This relation high frequency may be explained by the fact that the candidate has the intention to increase the reader's belief in the content found in the core of the text (MANN E TABOADA, 2010). Still concerning the textual superstructure, from the 15 pieces of writing analyzed, three of them did not present a conclusion. This did not compromised the texts superstructure, since a conclusion in not mandatory in the AR genre. At the highest level of the textual part that composes the initial statement, the relation that was more often found was of contrast (26.6%). This frequency may be attributed to the fact that the command itself, and the supporting texts in the test, led the candidates to establish contrasts: most texts states that the Internet is beneficial if used correctly, otherwise it is may be harmful to people. At the highest level of writing development, the roll relations were identified in 46.6% of cases. This may be justified by the AR genre form itself, since the writer must answer the question, exemplifying and explaining it. In the roll relation, the writer presents elements of the standing information, which are used to exemplify the initial statement, or to list the arguments which are developed in the next level. At the highest level in the textual part that composes the conclusion, the relation with the greatest incidence was again of contrast, found in eight of the 15 writings analyzed. As the conclusion is a reaffirmation of the initial statement, it was no surprise that the relations most often found in the topic would also be the ones identified in the conclusion. The textual microstructure was also considered in this study. It refers to those relations that emerge among sentences and help to develop the argumentation in argumentative texts, since they expand or add information to the core of the text. In each of the samples analyzed, it was also performed an analysis of the means of expression used to mark the rhetorical relations. This analysis demonstrated that relations are very often identified by semantic and pragmatic criteria, not just by formal marks, as stated by Goméz-González e Taboada (2005).