Inclusão de Okara na qualidade da silagem de grãos de milho reidratados e na alimentação de ruminantes

• Autor(a) principal: Tres, Tamara Tais
• Data de Publicação: 2015
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da Universidade Estadual de Maringá (RI-UEM)
• Texto Completo: http://repositorio.uem.br:8080/jspui/handle/1/1573
• topic: Silagem de grãos; Nutrição animal; Ruminantes; Leite; Produção; Grãos; Silagem; Brasil.; Soybean by-product; Grain silage; Milk production; Ruminal parameters; Soybean; Brazil.; Ciências Agrárias; Zootecnia

Three studies were conducted in order to evaluate the effects of inclusion of okara in rehydrated corn grain silages on the fermentation characteristics, nutritional and aerobic stability of silage, as well as the production quality of milk and ruminal parameters. In the first experiment five amounts (0, 20, 30, 40 and 50% on a dry matter basis) of okara inclusion were evaluated in rehydrated corn grain silage. The silage was made in experimental silos of PVC (± 12 kg), arranged in a randomized design with four replicates. There was decreased dry matter (DM) content with the addition of okara and NDF, ADF, CP and EE increased for the evaluated silages. There was a predominance of heterolactic fermentation in the silages with acetic acid content of 0.34 to 3.75% for 0 and 40% of okara addition, respectively. High levels of butyric acid values were found, of 0.04 (20% okara) and 2.48% (50% okara) on a dry matter basis. The silage with 30, 40 and 50% had become more stable with time for breaking the stability of 99, 165 and 149 hours, respectively. The inclusion of by-product okara in grain silage increases the CP and EE values and aerobic stability of silage. In the second experiment 6 Holstein cows were distributed in a double latin square 3 x 3. We evaluated the following treatments: concentrate formulated based on grain corn silage with addition of 30% of okara in dry matter (SGMO); concentrate with corn grain silage with added 20% raw soybean (SGMS) and concentrate based on dried corn (GS), in a forage: concentrate ratio of 60:40. The experimental periods lasted 21 days and the last five days of each period was used for data collection. Statistical analysis was performed by means of Bayesian Inference. Diets formulated with silage decreased ingestion of dry matter in 2.13 kg and 1.78 kg for SGMS and SGMO respectively, when compared to diet with concentrated on a dry grain basis. Higher digestibility for DM, OM, NFC and EE for diets with the inclusion of grain silage was found. There was no effect on milk production and composition. An increase of CLA (cis 9 trans 11) for SGMS diet (0.44%) was similar to the SGMO (0.37%) and concentrated with dry grains (0.31%).The rehydrated corn grain silage with added soybean or by-product okara retains the better feed efficiency that the diet with dried corn without changing the milk production and composition. In the experiment III the same treatments described in experiment II were evaluated. For that we used three Holstein steers distributed in 3 x 3 latin square design. The digestibility of nutrients, urea nitrogen plasma, efficiency of microbial synthesis, pH and ammonia-N of rumen contents were evaluated, besides the degradability in situ of DM and CP concentrates. The ruminal digestibility of NFC and total EE increased with the inclusion of silage in the diet. There was no change on digestibility of other nutrients and microbial efficiency. There was effect on ruminal pH with values estimated for the treatment SGMO (6.01) followed by treatment with SGMS (6.02) and treatment with GS (6.03). The largest N-ammonia levels were checked for the treatments with silage grain. Concentrates formulated based on silage have increased nutritional fraction A in the evaluation of degradability, and also potential degradability. The replacement of dry grain ration of corn grain silage with added soy or okara demonstrate better use of nutrients for animals.