Heterogeneidade de variâncias e interação genótipo-ambiente na avaliação genética em abelhas Apis mellifera africanizadas para produção de geléia real

• Autor(a) principal: Faquinello, Patrícia
• Data de Publicação: 2010
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da Universidade Estadual de Maringá (RI-UEM)
• Texto Completo: http://repositorio.uem.br:8080/jspui/handle/1/1569
• topic: Abelha africanizada; (Apis mellifera); Melhoramento genético; Inferência Bayesiana; Geléia real; Correlação genética; Heterogeneidade; Interação genótipo-ambiente; Efeito genético materno; Brasil.; Africanized bee; (Apis mellifera); Genetic improvement; Bayesian Inference; Royal jelly; Genetic correlation; Heterogeneity; Genotype-environment interaction; Maternal genetic effect; Brazil.; Ciências Agrárias; Zootecnia

The objectives of this work were the estimate of (co) variance and genetic parameters, to verify the occurrence of variance heterogeneity and genotype - environment interaction for production traits of royal jelly on Africanized honeybees. There were used 20 fertilized queens, donated by beekeepers to produce daughters that have been evaluated by their royal jelly production of their workers. The observations of production characteristics of royal jelly were made in production systems of hives and mini hives. The production traits evaluated were: acceptance percentage of transferred larvae, royal jelly production per colony and per cup. First the data were analyzed unicharacter and tricharacter using Bayesian approach, without considering the production system. The average percentage acceptance was 52.13%, for jelly production per colony it was of 6.26 g and for per cup it was 190.07 mg. Heritability estimates for production traits of royal jelly in unicharacter analysis ranged from 0.01 to 0.08, and tricharacter, 0.004 to 0.01. Genetic correlations showed values of 0.29 between the jelly production per colony and per cup, 0.42 between the percentage of acceptance and jelly production per colony and 0.06 for percentage of acceptance and royal jelly production per cup. To evaluate the existence of heterogeneity of variances and genotype - environment interaction there were considered the production characteristics of royal jelly as being different in each system in unicharacter and bicharacter analysis. It was calculated the probability of coincidence between the distributions a posteriori variances. The genotype - environment interaction was assessed by means of genetic correlations between the systems, and the possible change in the classification of the queens' daughters in both systems. Average production found were 45.59 and 61.63% for acceptance percentage, 7.56 and 4.33 g for royal jelly production per colony and 171.92 and 217.25 mg for per cup in hive and mini-hive system, respectively. Estimates of heritability by unicharacter and bicharacter analysis were higher in the mini-hive system (0.10 of 0.21 and 0.05 to 0.18) compared to hive (0.02 to 0.07 and from 0.02 to 0.04). The percentage of acceptance and jelly production per colony showed heterogeneity of variances, genetic, phenotypic and residual so the systems should be analyzed separately. The low values of genetic correlation and the change in classification of the queens' daughters in the two systems prove the existence of genotype - environment interaction. Therefore, the production system must be taken into consideration in the choice of selected queens.