Determinação do perfil fenotípico e genotípico de amostras de Staphylococus aureus resistentes à meticilina (MRSA) e sensíveis a antibióticos não ß-lactâmicos em cinco hospitais no município do Rio de Janeiro

• Autor(a) principal: Zuma, Alexandra Vidal Pedinotti
• Data de Publicação: 2013
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UERJ
• Texto Completo: http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/handle/1/14429
• topic: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA); CA-MRSA; risk factors; OSPC Clone; Clindamycin; Vancomycin; PVL; Staphylococcus aureus resistente à meticilina (MRSA); CA-MRSA; Fatores de risco; Clone OSPC; Clindamicina; Vancomicina; PVL; Staphylococcus aureus; Resistencia à Meticilina; Resistência a Vancomicina; Clindamicina Uso terapêutico; Toxinas bacterianas; Infecções comunitárias adquiridas Microbiologia; CNPQ::CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::MICROBIOLOGIA::MICROBIOLOGIA APLICADA::MICROBIOLOGIA MEDICA

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a major microrganism involved in healthcare associated infections (HAIs). However, a clone of MRSA, CA-MRSA, has emerged in the community and has been considered agent of HAIs. The goal of this dissertation is to evaluate phenotypically and genotypically 111 samples of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus susceptible to non ß-lactam antibiotics from patients treated in five hospitals in the city of Rio de Janeiro. Using the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute criteria were determined susceptibility to 11 antimicrobials by the disk diffusion method and minimal inhibitory concentration for oxacillin and vancomycin by broth microdilution method. The multidrug resistance (resistance to three or more non ß-lactam antibiotics) was observed in 31.5% of isolates, and 53.2% were resistant to the antimicrobial clindamycin, one of the choices in the empirical treatment of infections of skin / soft tissue. 86.4% showed minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) for vancomycin ≥ 1.0 mg / mL, representing high percentage of samples associated with the MIC creep phenomenon, which can imply therapeutic failure. The typification of SCCmec enabled us to classify 4,5% of the samples in HA-MRSA and 86.5% in CA-MRSA, among which the typical heterogeneous oxacillin resistance was observed in 57.2%. The Panton-Valentine Leukocidin (PVL) toxin, one of the virulence factors involved in the pathogeneses of MRSA, was present in 28% of samples with genotype CA-MRSA. We performed uptake of demographic and clinical information on patient´s medical records and verified the presence of classical risk factors for HA-MRSA infection in individuals infected by CA-MRSA carrying SCCmec IV and V. In order to verify the existence of genetic similarities or the presence of predominant clone among the samples of the five hospitals, we applied the technique of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and observed genetic diversity and the presence of samples with standards similar to OSPC clones (18.5%) and USA400. There were no samples with electrophoresis patterns similar to clone USA300, USA800 and CEB. Surveillance of resistance to non ß-lactam antibiotics is essencial in CA-MRSA, especially vancomycin. The change in the epidemiology of this microrganism has been impacting the characteristic patterns of genotypes limiting criteria of differentiation between them. In this context, molecular techniques serve as excellent characterization tools. Knowledge of pathogen assists in the development and implementation of preventive measures, contributing to disease control both in hospitals and in the community.