Efeitos imediatos e a longo prazo da suplementação com óleo de linhaça a ratas lactantes sobre a sua prole

• Autor(a) principal: Figueira, Deysla Sabino Guarda
• Data de Publicação: 2014
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UERJ
• Texto Completo: http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/handle/1/12793
• topic: Flaxseed oil; Lactation; Metabolic programming; Milk; Body Composition; Glucose Homeostasis; Leptin; Óleo de linhaça. Lactação. Programação metabólica. Homeostase glicêmica. Leptina.; Óleo de semente do linho; Ácidos graxos; Lactação; Metabolismo; Leite Humano; Homeostase; Leptina; CNPQ::CIENCIAS DA SAUDE::MEDICINA::CLINICA MEDICA::ENDOCRINOLOGIA

Flaxseed is rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (FUFAs) and essential fatty acids, with 51 55% is alpha-linolenic acid (n-3) and 15 18% is linoleic acid (n-6). Flaxseed oil is popular as functional food in prevention in the risk of metabolic and cardiovascular disease. Some authors suggested caution for maternal intake of different n-3 sources for e.g. flaxseed, during critical periods of development, such as lactation, in special in chronic disease development in the offspring, called metabolic programming. It is unknow which flaxseed compound is responsible for the metabolic disorders. In this study, we aimed to study the effects of maternal diet supplementation with flaxseed oil during lactation upon hormonal and metabolic disorders in the offspring (male and female) at 21 and 180 days old. Thirty wistar female rats of three-months-old were mated and at birth the litters (10 per groups) were adjusted to 4 males and 4 females for dam randomly assigned to each of the three experimental groups: control (C), with diet containing 7% lipid from soybean oil, hyper soybean oil (HS), with diet containing 19% lipid exclusive from soybean oil, and hyper flaxseed oil (HF), with diet containing 19% lipid (17% from flaxseed oil and 2% from soybean oil). HS and HF mothers presented lower body weight (-15% and -16%, respectively) during lactation. The milk presented lower lipid profile (cholesterol: HS -60% and - 62%; HF -63% and -64%) and triglycerides (TGL: HS -26% and -59% and HF -54% and -70%) at 14 and 20 days of lactation respectively. These milk changes reduced the pups body weight (male: HS -21% and HF -19%; female: HS -18% and HF -16%) and lipid profile (male: VLDL-c -41% and TGL -41%; female: VLDL-c -51% and TGL -50%) at weaning. The lower fat mass can contribute to the higher insulin sensitivity of offspring, such HF group had normal glycemia and hypoinsulinemia (-23% in males and -27% female). At 180 days, the males HF presented higher body fat mass (+38%) and TGL (+57%), hyperprolactinemia (2x) and hyperleptinemia (+78%). The females presented insulin resistance, hyperglycemia (+18% vs C and + 10% vs HS), hyperinsulinemia (+68%), higher IRI (2x) and hyperleptinemia (+47%) at adulthood. These findings suggest that higher intake of flaxseed oil during lactation program the progeny for changes in body composition, glucose homeostasis and lipid profile. These changes presented the sexual dimorphism, which in males presented high tendency for obesity and dyslipidemia, and in female presented insulin resistance. As only males showed hyperprolactinemia, it is possible that this change has a protective effect on the development of insulin resistance in these animals. Thus, the flaxseed oil is a bioactive compound and women during lactation should limit the intake of flaxseed oil to prevent changes metabolic and hormonal in their progenies.