Aplicação da técnica de difração de raios X usando luz síncroton para caracterização de esmalte dentário humano flluorótico e de controle

• Autor(a) principal: Gonçalves, Marcos Vinicius Colaço
• Data de Publicação: 2010
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UERJ
• Texto Completo: http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/handle/1/12888
• topic: Diffraction; X-Ray; Synchrotron; Fluorosis; Difração; Raios X; Síncrotron; Fluorose; CNPQ::CIENCIAS EXATAS E DA TERRA::FISICA::FISICA DA MATERIA CONDENSADA

With the introduction of fluoride as the main anticaries agent used in preventive dentistry, and perhaps an increase in fluoride in our food chain, dental fluorosis has become an increasing world-wide problem. The mechanisms that conduct the formation of fluorotic enamel are unknown, but should involve modifications in the basic physical-chemistry reactions of demineralisation and remineralisation of the enamel of the teeth. The increase of the amount of fluoride inside of the apatita will result in gradual increase of the lattice parameters. The aim of this work is to characterize the healthy and fluorotic enamel in human tooth using technique Synchrotron X-ray diffraction. All the scattering profile measurements were carried out at the X-ray diffraction beamline (XRD1) at the National Synchrotron Light Laboratory - LNLS, Campinas. X-ray diffraction experiments were performed both in powder samples and polished surfaces. The powder samples were analyzed to obtain the characterization of typical pattern healthy enamel. The polished surfaces were analyzed in specific areas that have been identified as fluorotic ones. X-ray diffraction data were obtained for all samples and these data were compared with the control samples and also with the literature data. The evident similarities of the diffraction patterns point out the analogy between the structures of the human enamel and standard hydroxyapatite (HAp). According to our analysis, it is clear that the X-ray diffractogram f r powder enamel for enamel in the flat samples are different. The differences found include varied crystallinity and crystal preferred orientation. The values found for the interplanar distances for the control and fluorotic enamel in the flat samples revealed no significant statistical differences. It can be explained because of hydroxyapatite and fluorapatite have the same hexagonal structures and lattice parameters too close, which the ability of the system cannot resolve. Finally, we have shown through this work that synchrotron X-ray diffraction is a powerful technique in the study of the crystallography and microstructure of dental enamel and it could be equally successful in the study of other biological hard tissues and in the study of synthetic biomaterials.