Influência de variáveis físico-químicas de biomassas lignocelulósicas e de processo pirolítico no rendimento de biocarvão e potencial de aplicação no sequestro de carbono
Autor(a) principal: | |
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Data de Publicação: | 2021 |
Outros Autores: | |
Tipo de documento: | Tese |
Idioma: | por |
Título da fonte: | Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UERJ |
Texto Completo: | http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/handle/1/17683 |
Resumo: | Pyrogenic carbonaceous material (PCM) is an aromatic, amorphous, porous carbonaceous structure with high total carbon and fixed carbon on a mass basis, and low H/C and O/C atomic ratios. In case the H/C and O/C ratios meet the limits imposed by the international certification bodies “International Biochar Initiative-IBI” and “European Biochar Certificate-EBC” (H/C ≤ 0.7 and O/C ≤ 0.4) the PCM will be classified as “biochar”, which is a PCM with a degree of aromaticity and carbon content that has sufficient stability for soil application, with similarities to the dark soil portions of the Amazon, known as “Terras Pretas de Índio” (TPI). Fast pyrolysis is generally aimed at producing bio-oil, while PCM solid waste is traditionally intended for burning by direct combustion to produce heat and is generally used by the reactor at the beginning of the plant. Currently, “biochar” has been used for carbon sequestration in soil, as a climate change mitigation strategy, in addition to other environmental applications. There is a growing interest in PCM for applications in acidic soils. The objective of this thesis was, through a literature review on the subject, to outline an overview of the production of biochar by means of pyrolysis in Brazil and in the world (Papers I and II) and, based on data from 23 experiments in mainly slow pyrolysis reactors obtained from the literature (Paper III), and 40 experiments in fast pyrolysis reactors (circulating fluidized bed) produced at the University of the Basque Country, Bilbao/ Spain (Paper IV), to investigate interactions between chemical composition variables of biomass used with raw material, pyrolytic process variables and the yield of biochar (Paper III), and biochar, bio-oil and bio-syngas (Paper IV). The study also evaluated characteristics of biochars from different biomasses and operational conditions, as to the characteristics that confer stability to the material (resistance to microbiological degradation and weathering for ≥100 years), using criteria established by the IBI and the EBC. A decision tree is proposed (Paper V) for application to any group of biochars and to assess their potential for application in soil, based on chemical stability. The multivariate (exploratory) statistical approach proved to be useful in reducing the dimensionality of the set of original variables to a maximum of 2 or 3 independent latent variables (Principal Components 1, 2 and 3). These were sufficient to capture the maximum amount of information retained by the original dataset, as well as reveal interactions and relative influences in relation to the dependent variables (biochar, bio-oil and syngas yields). A set of 40 PCMs described in Paper IV was also analyzed, regarding the main certification parameters of international organizations IBI and EBC, using a developed decision tree. This procedure allowed the pre-selection of biochars with physicochemical characteristics indicating stability, thus justifying additional investment in chemical analyzes to determine their levels of contaminants. Based on the results, it is concluded that fast pyrolysis, as well as slow pyrolysis/carbonization, enables the production of biochars (albeit with a lower yield), which can be used in environmental applications, as long as they meet the requirements of the certifying agencies. |
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Gomes, Marcia Marqueshttp://lattes.cnpq.br/7937368027614414Vianna, Marco Tadeu Gomeshttp://lattes.cnpq.br/2498241705831482Barbosa, Nathalia Salles Verninhttp://lattes.cnpq.br/2037042523024345Torres Netto, Alenahttp://lattes.cnpq.br/6574944043553517Rezende, Fabiana Abreu dehttp://lattes.cnpq.br/1286373157817100Faillace, Jacyra Guimarãeshttp://lattes.cnpq.br/0040855803632259Arrieche, Leonardo da Silvahttp://lattes.cnpq.br/773747609001357http://lattes.cnpq.br/7771280806504852Batista, Renato Rocharenatorochabatista@gmail.com2022-05-04T13:36:14Z2021-10-28BATISTA, Renato Rocha. Influência de variáveis físico-químicas de biomassas lignocelulósicas e de processo pirolítico no rendimento de biocarvão e potencial de aplicação no sequestro de carbono. 2021. 323 f. Tese (Doutorado em Engenharia Ambiental) - Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 2021.http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/handle/1/17683Pyrogenic carbonaceous material (PCM) is an aromatic, amorphous, porous carbonaceous structure with high total carbon and fixed carbon on a mass basis, and low H/C and O/C atomic ratios. In case the H/C and O/C ratios meet the limits imposed by the international certification bodies “International Biochar Initiative-IBI” and “European Biochar Certificate-EBC” (H/C ≤ 0.7 and O/C ≤ 0.4) the PCM will be classified as “biochar”, which is a PCM with a degree of aromaticity and carbon content that has sufficient stability for soil application, with similarities to the dark soil portions of the Amazon, known as “Terras Pretas de Índio” (TPI). Fast pyrolysis is generally aimed at producing bio-oil, while PCM solid waste is traditionally intended for burning by direct combustion to produce heat and is generally used by the reactor at the beginning of the plant. Currently, “biochar” has been used for carbon sequestration in soil, as a climate change mitigation strategy, in addition to other environmental applications. There is a growing interest in PCM for applications in acidic soils. The objective of this thesis was, through a literature review on the subject, to outline an overview of the production of biochar by means of pyrolysis in Brazil and in the world (Papers I and II) and, based on data from 23 experiments in mainly slow pyrolysis reactors obtained from the literature (Paper III), and 40 experiments in fast pyrolysis reactors (circulating fluidized bed) produced at the University of the Basque Country, Bilbao/ Spain (Paper IV), to investigate interactions between chemical composition variables of biomass used with raw material, pyrolytic process variables and the yield of biochar (Paper III), and biochar, bio-oil and bio-syngas (Paper IV). The study also evaluated characteristics of biochars from different biomasses and operational conditions, as to the characteristics that confer stability to the material (resistance to microbiological degradation and weathering for ≥100 years), using criteria established by the IBI and the EBC. A decision tree is proposed (Paper V) for application to any group of biochars and to assess their potential for application in soil, based on chemical stability. The multivariate (exploratory) statistical approach proved to be useful in reducing the dimensionality of the set of original variables to a maximum of 2 or 3 independent latent variables (Principal Components 1, 2 and 3). These were sufficient to capture the maximum amount of information retained by the original dataset, as well as reveal interactions and relative influences in relation to the dependent variables (biochar, bio-oil and syngas yields). A set of 40 PCMs described in Paper IV was also analyzed, regarding the main certification parameters of international organizations IBI and EBC, using a developed decision tree. This procedure allowed the pre-selection of biochars with physicochemical characteristics indicating stability, thus justifying additional investment in chemical analyzes to determine their levels of contaminants. Based on the results, it is concluded that fast pyrolysis, as well as slow pyrolysis/carbonization, enables the production of biochars (albeit with a lower yield), which can be used in environmental applications, as long as they meet the requirements of the certifying agencies.Material carbonáceo pirogênico (PCM) é uma estrutura carbonácea aromática, amorfa e porosa com elevados teores de carbono total e de carbono fixo em base mássica, e baixas razões atômicas H/C e O/C. No caso das razões H/C e O/C atenderem aos limites impostos por organismos internacionais certificadores “International Biochar Initiative-IBI” e “European Biochar Certificate-EBC” (H/C ≤ 0.7 e O/C ≤ 0.4) os PCM serão classificados como “biochar”, que é um biocarvão com grau de aromaticidade e teor de carbono que conferem estabilidade suficiente para aplicação em solo, com similaridades às porções de solo escuro da Amazônia, conhecidas por “Terras Pretas de Índio” (TPI). A pirólise rápida tem geralmente por objetivo, a produção de bioóleo, enquanto o resíduo sólido PCM é tradicionalmente destinado à queima por combustão direta para produção de calor e geralmente utilizado pelo reator no início da planta. Atualmente, o “biochar” tem sido utilizado para sequestro de carbono em solo, como estratégia de mitigação de mudanças climáticas, além de outras aplicações ambientais. Verifica-se um interesse crescente pelos PCM para aplicações em solos ácidos. O objetivo da presente tese foi traçar um panorama da produção de biocarvão por meio de pirólise no Brasil e no mundo (Papers I e II) e, com base em dados de 23 experimentos em reatores de pirólise principalmente lenta obtidos da literatura (Paper III), e 40 experimentos em reatores de pirólise rápida (leito fluidizado circulante) produzidos na Universidade do País Basco, Bilbao/ Espanha (Paper IV), investigar interações entre variáveis de composição química de biomassas utilizadas com matéria-prima, variáveis de processo pirolítico e o rendimento do biocarvão (Paper III), e de biocarvão, bio-óleo e bio-syngas (Paper IV). O estudo também avaliou características de biocarvões provenientes de diferentes biomassas e condições operacionais, quanto às características que conferem estabilidade ao material (resistência à degradação microbiológica/intemperismo por ≥100 anos), utilizando para tanto, critérios estabelecidos pelo IBI e pelo EBC. Uma árvore de decisão é proposta (Paper V) para aplicação a qualquer grupo de biocarvões e avaliação do potencial de aplicação dos mesmos em solo, com base na estabilidade química. A abordagem estatística multivariada (exploratória) mostrou-se útil na redução da dimensionalidade do conjunto de variáveis originais a no máximo 2 ou 3 variáveis latentes independentes entre si (Componentes Principais 1, 2 e 3). Estas, foram suficientes para capturar o máximo de informação retida pelo conjunto de dados originais, bem como revelar interações e influências relativas em relação às variáveis dependentes (rendimentos de biocarvão, bioóleo e syngás). Foi ainda analisado o conjunto de 40 PCMs descritos no Paper IV, quanto aos principais parâmetros de certificação de organismos internacionais IBI e EBC, utilizando-se para tanto, uma árvore de decisão desenvolvida. Tal procedimento permitiu pré-selecionar biocarvões com características físico-químicas que indicam estabilidade, justificando assim, investimento adicional em análises químicas para determinação de teores de contaminantes. Com base nos resultados conclui-se que a pirólise rápida, tanto quanto a pirólise lenta/carbonização, viabiliza a produção de biocarvões (ainda que com rendimento inferior), que podem ser utilizados em aplicações ambientais, desde que atendam requisitos de certificação.Submitted by Julia CTC/B (julia.vieira@uerj.br) on 2022-05-04T13:36:14Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese - Renato Rocha Batista - 2021 - Completo.pdf: 5651104 bytes, checksum: 6416dcb3e708397402961a5511d6d4ca (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2022-05-04T13:36:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese - Renato Rocha Batista - 2021 - Completo.pdf: 5651104 bytes, checksum: 6416dcb3e708397402961a5511d6d4ca (MD5) Previous issue date: 2021-10-28Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro - FAPERJapplication/pdfporUniversidade do Estado do Rio de JaneiroPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia AmbientalUERJBrasilCentro de Tecnologia e Ciências::Faculdade de EngenhariaEnvironmental engineeringBiomassCarbon sequestrationOrganic physical chemistryCarbonizationEngenharia ambientalBiomassaSequestro de carbonoFísico-química orgânicaCarbonizaçãoENGENHARIAS::ENGENHARIA SANITARIA::SANEAMENTO AMBIENTAL::CONTROLE DA POLUICAOInfluência de variáveis físico-químicas de biomassas lignocelulósicas e de processo pirolítico no rendimento de biocarvão e potencial de aplicação no sequestro de carbonoInfluence of physicochemical variables of lignocellulosic biomass and pyrolytic process on biochar yield and potential application in carbon sequestrationinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesisinfo:eu-repo/semantics/embargoedAccessreponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UERJinstname:Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ)instacron:UERJORIGINALTese - Renato Rocha Batista - 2021 - Completo.pdfTese - Renato Rocha Batista - 2021 - Completo.pdfapplication/pdf5651104http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/bitstream/1/17683/2/Tese+-+Renato+Rocha+Batista+-+2021+-+Completo.pdf6416dcb3e708397402961a5511d6d4caMD52Tese - Renato Rocha Batista - 2021 - Parcial.pdfTese - Renato Rocha Batista - 2021 - Parcial.pdfapplication/pdf2173252http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/bitstream/1/17683/3/Tese+-+Renato+Rocha+Batista+-+2021+-+Parcial.pdfbdea3c0878c089bc06e5ab56346414faMD53LICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; 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dc.title.por.fl_str_mv |
Influência de variáveis físico-químicas de biomassas lignocelulósicas e de processo pirolítico no rendimento de biocarvão e potencial de aplicação no sequestro de carbono |
dc.title.alternative.eng.fl_str_mv |
Influence of physicochemical variables of lignocellulosic biomass and pyrolytic process on biochar yield and potential application in carbon sequestration |
title |
Influência de variáveis físico-químicas de biomassas lignocelulósicas e de processo pirolítico no rendimento de biocarvão e potencial de aplicação no sequestro de carbono |
spellingShingle |
Influência de variáveis físico-químicas de biomassas lignocelulósicas e de processo pirolítico no rendimento de biocarvão e potencial de aplicação no sequestro de carbono Batista, Renato Rocha Environmental engineering Biomass Carbon sequestration Organic physical chemistry Carbonization Engenharia ambiental Biomassa Sequestro de carbono Físico-química orgânica Carbonização ENGENHARIAS::ENGENHARIA SANITARIA::SANEAMENTO AMBIENTAL::CONTROLE DA POLUICAO |
title_short |
Influência de variáveis físico-químicas de biomassas lignocelulósicas e de processo pirolítico no rendimento de biocarvão e potencial de aplicação no sequestro de carbono |
title_full |
Influência de variáveis físico-químicas de biomassas lignocelulósicas e de processo pirolítico no rendimento de biocarvão e potencial de aplicação no sequestro de carbono |
title_fullStr |
Influência de variáveis físico-químicas de biomassas lignocelulósicas e de processo pirolítico no rendimento de biocarvão e potencial de aplicação no sequestro de carbono |
title_full_unstemmed |
Influência de variáveis físico-químicas de biomassas lignocelulósicas e de processo pirolítico no rendimento de biocarvão e potencial de aplicação no sequestro de carbono |
title_sort |
Influência de variáveis físico-químicas de biomassas lignocelulósicas e de processo pirolítico no rendimento de biocarvão e potencial de aplicação no sequestro de carbono |
author |
Batista, Renato Rocha |
author_facet |
Batista, Renato Rocha renatorochabatista@gmail.com |
author_role |
author |
author2 |
renatorochabatista@gmail.com |
author2_role |
author |
dc.contributor.advisor1.fl_str_mv |
Gomes, Marcia Marques |
dc.contributor.advisor1Lattes.fl_str_mv |
http://lattes.cnpq.br/7937368027614414 |
dc.contributor.advisor-co1.fl_str_mv |
Vianna, Marco Tadeu Gomes |
dc.contributor.advisor-co1Lattes.fl_str_mv |
http://lattes.cnpq.br/2498241705831482 |
dc.contributor.referee1.fl_str_mv |
Barbosa, Nathalia Salles Vernin |
dc.contributor.referee1Lattes.fl_str_mv |
http://lattes.cnpq.br/2037042523024345 |
dc.contributor.referee2.fl_str_mv |
Torres Netto, Alena |
dc.contributor.referee2Lattes.fl_str_mv |
http://lattes.cnpq.br/6574944043553517 |
dc.contributor.referee3.fl_str_mv |
Rezende, Fabiana Abreu de |
dc.contributor.referee3Lattes.fl_str_mv |
http://lattes.cnpq.br/1286373157817100 |
dc.contributor.referee4.fl_str_mv |
Faillace, Jacyra Guimarães |
dc.contributor.referee4Lattes.fl_str_mv |
http://lattes.cnpq.br/0040855803632259 |
dc.contributor.referee5.fl_str_mv |
Arrieche, Leonardo da Silva |
dc.contributor.referee5Lattes.fl_str_mv |
http://lattes.cnpq.br/773747609001357 |
dc.contributor.authorLattes.fl_str_mv |
http://lattes.cnpq.br/7771280806504852 |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Batista, Renato Rocha renatorochabatista@gmail.com |
contributor_str_mv |
Gomes, Marcia Marques Vianna, Marco Tadeu Gomes Barbosa, Nathalia Salles Vernin Torres Netto, Alena Rezende, Fabiana Abreu de Faillace, Jacyra Guimarães Arrieche, Leonardo da Silva |
dc.subject.eng.fl_str_mv |
Environmental engineering Biomass Carbon sequestration Organic physical chemistry Carbonization |
topic |
Environmental engineering Biomass Carbon sequestration Organic physical chemistry Carbonization Engenharia ambiental Biomassa Sequestro de carbono Físico-química orgânica Carbonização ENGENHARIAS::ENGENHARIA SANITARIA::SANEAMENTO AMBIENTAL::CONTROLE DA POLUICAO |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
Engenharia ambiental Biomassa Sequestro de carbono Físico-química orgânica Carbonização |
dc.subject.cnpq.fl_str_mv |
ENGENHARIAS::ENGENHARIA SANITARIA::SANEAMENTO AMBIENTAL::CONTROLE DA POLUICAO |
description |
Pyrogenic carbonaceous material (PCM) is an aromatic, amorphous, porous carbonaceous structure with high total carbon and fixed carbon on a mass basis, and low H/C and O/C atomic ratios. In case the H/C and O/C ratios meet the limits imposed by the international certification bodies “International Biochar Initiative-IBI” and “European Biochar Certificate-EBC” (H/C ≤ 0.7 and O/C ≤ 0.4) the PCM will be classified as “biochar”, which is a PCM with a degree of aromaticity and carbon content that has sufficient stability for soil application, with similarities to the dark soil portions of the Amazon, known as “Terras Pretas de Índio” (TPI). Fast pyrolysis is generally aimed at producing bio-oil, while PCM solid waste is traditionally intended for burning by direct combustion to produce heat and is generally used by the reactor at the beginning of the plant. Currently, “biochar” has been used for carbon sequestration in soil, as a climate change mitigation strategy, in addition to other environmental applications. There is a growing interest in PCM for applications in acidic soils. The objective of this thesis was, through a literature review on the subject, to outline an overview of the production of biochar by means of pyrolysis in Brazil and in the world (Papers I and II) and, based on data from 23 experiments in mainly slow pyrolysis reactors obtained from the literature (Paper III), and 40 experiments in fast pyrolysis reactors (circulating fluidized bed) produced at the University of the Basque Country, Bilbao/ Spain (Paper IV), to investigate interactions between chemical composition variables of biomass used with raw material, pyrolytic process variables and the yield of biochar (Paper III), and biochar, bio-oil and bio-syngas (Paper IV). The study also evaluated characteristics of biochars from different biomasses and operational conditions, as to the characteristics that confer stability to the material (resistance to microbiological degradation and weathering for ≥100 years), using criteria established by the IBI and the EBC. A decision tree is proposed (Paper V) for application to any group of biochars and to assess their potential for application in soil, based on chemical stability. The multivariate (exploratory) statistical approach proved to be useful in reducing the dimensionality of the set of original variables to a maximum of 2 or 3 independent latent variables (Principal Components 1, 2 and 3). These were sufficient to capture the maximum amount of information retained by the original dataset, as well as reveal interactions and relative influences in relation to the dependent variables (biochar, bio-oil and syngas yields). A set of 40 PCMs described in Paper IV was also analyzed, regarding the main certification parameters of international organizations IBI and EBC, using a developed decision tree. This procedure allowed the pre-selection of biochars with physicochemical characteristics indicating stability, thus justifying additional investment in chemical analyzes to determine their levels of contaminants. Based on the results, it is concluded that fast pyrolysis, as well as slow pyrolysis/carbonization, enables the production of biochars (albeit with a lower yield), which can be used in environmental applications, as long as they meet the requirements of the certifying agencies. |
publishDate |
2021 |
dc.date.issued.fl_str_mv |
2021-10-28 |
dc.date.accessioned.fl_str_mv |
2022-05-04T13:36:14Z |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis |
format |
doctoralThesis |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.citation.fl_str_mv |
BATISTA, Renato Rocha. Influência de variáveis físico-químicas de biomassas lignocelulósicas e de processo pirolítico no rendimento de biocarvão e potencial de aplicação no sequestro de carbono. 2021. 323 f. Tese (Doutorado em Engenharia Ambiental) - Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 2021. |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/handle/1/17683 |
identifier_str_mv |
BATISTA, Renato Rocha. Influência de variáveis físico-químicas de biomassas lignocelulósicas e de processo pirolítico no rendimento de biocarvão e potencial de aplicação no sequestro de carbono. 2021. 323 f. Tese (Doutorado em Engenharia Ambiental) - Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 2021. |
url |
http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/handle/1/17683 |
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv |
por |
language |
por |
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/embargoedAccess |
eu_rights_str_mv |
embargoedAccess |
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv |
application/pdf |
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro |
dc.publisher.program.fl_str_mv |
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Ambiental |
dc.publisher.initials.fl_str_mv |
UERJ |
dc.publisher.country.fl_str_mv |
Brasil |
dc.publisher.department.fl_str_mv |
Centro de Tecnologia e Ciências::Faculdade de Engenharia |
publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro |
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv |
reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UERJ instname:Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ) instacron:UERJ |
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Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ) |
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UERJ |
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UERJ |
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Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UERJ |
collection |
Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UERJ |
bitstream.url.fl_str_mv |
http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/bitstream/1/17683/2/Tese+-+Renato+Rocha+Batista+-+2021+-+Completo.pdf http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/bitstream/1/17683/3/Tese+-+Renato+Rocha+Batista+-+2021+-+Parcial.pdf http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/bitstream/1/17683/1/license.txt |
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MD5 MD5 MD5 |
repository.name.fl_str_mv |
Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UERJ - Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ) |
repository.mail.fl_str_mv |
bdtd.suporte@uerj.br |
_version_ |
1792352358521372672 |