Interfaces e inquietações no diálogo entre Kierkegaard e Foucault - filosofia antiga, psicologia e processos de subjetivação

• Autor(a) principal: Mattar, Cristine Monteiro
• Data de Publicação: 2011
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UERJ
• Texto Completo: http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/handle/1/15124
• topic: Ancient philosophy; Psychology; Subjetividade (Psicologia); Kierkegaard, Soren, 1813-1855; Foucault, Michel, 1926-1984 - Filosofia antiga; Filosofia antiga; Psicologia; CNPQ::CIENCIAS HUMANAS::PSICOLOGIA::PSICOLOGIA SOCIAL

This dissertation begins at a crossroads and a secret: at the crossroads there is Psychology, among its instrumental, anthropological and neuroscientific appeals; the secret refers to the almost unknown reading of Kierkegaard by Foucault. Both philosophers are inserted in the wake of philosophical experimentation, the opposite path to metaphysics. Experimentation, here, is not related to empirism; it is inspired by the spiritual exercises of Greek and Roman Ancient History, and in the practice of irony, self-care and philosophical parresía. The possible approximations between the thoughts of Kierkegaard and Foucault through this approach of Ancient Philosophy aim at contributing to an understanding of Psychology and its practices that allow the facing of the above-mentioned dilemmas, that is, the instrumental, anthropological and neuroscientific ones. The course of this work has its starting point at the suspicions directed at Psychology, from the questioning posed by Canguilhem over fifty years ago about the unclear intentions of the subject, through the critiques to the processes of psychological subjectivizing, up to the serious contemporary framing that seeks to convince human beings that they are, ultimately, no more than brains. The subjectivizing processes carried out by the psi practices are, then, today, faced with difficult predicaments. There are so many suspicions and fears about the psi effects that the area professionals themselves have, in many cases, assumed that psychology has become not viable and must disappear. The objecting or anthropological references, when prioritized by Psychology, actually leave no way out, urging the finding of new referentials that make it possible to breathe new air. Kierkegaard s and Foucault s thoughts arise as interceders in the face of this somber horizon. Both philosophers are devoted to taking man as attentive to himself and the world, prioritizing singular and creative exits instead of reproducing the hegemonic ways of being that threaten to equal everything and everyone. Unnaturalizing the present and contrary to great theoretical speculations about life, both have written works that must be experienced, more than simply read, so as to capture their atmosphere and operate it. From this attitude, Experimental or Interpretive Psychology can give way to an Experiencing Psychology, which follows everyday life instead of presenting itself as passionless curiosity. This Psychology follows interestingly the movements of existence and personal appropriation of the truth, which stops being transcendent, metaphysical or dreamed, and appears layered in struggles, fears, mistakes, actions and tensions of the everyday life of subjects made of flesh, bone and spirit. It is in this constituting-constituted tension that the subject is forged, either cast by God, as Kierkegaard thinks, or, as Foucault proposes, sunk in the schemes and objectivations he takes for natural: the subject s task is to take himself, participating in a freer way of his own constitution, exercising freedom in an ethical and thoughtful manner and manifesting himself, instead of taking as his own the determinations which he is offered. This dissertation aims, therefore, at establishing the dialogue between Foucault and Kierkegaard, through the approach of Ancient Philosophy, seeking inspiration to promote, in the present time, processes of subjectivation other than the desperate ways of being, and psychological practices which are more experimenting and less disciplining.