Quantificação de metais e arsênio em aerossóis grossos, finos, ultrafinos e nanoparticulados por ICP-OES em ar ambiente e emissões veiculares de motores operando com diesel/biodiesel

• Autor(a) principal: Rocha, Luiz Diego Silva
• Data de Publicação: 2015
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UERJ
• Texto Completo: http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/handle/1/15802
• topic: Diesel; biodiesel; particulate matter; metals; emissions; ICP-OES; Diesel; biodiesel; material particulado; metais; emissões; ICP-OES; CNPQ::CIENCIAS EXATAS E DA TERRA::QUIMICA::QUIMICA ANALITICA

In the national automotive fleet, diesel vehicles and biodiesel are used in large and small scale, respectively, so that there is a concern with the exhaust gas from these engines. When manufactured, the vehicle undergoes rigorous testing of gas emissions, under the rules of PROCONVE. However, these tests only regulate the chemical substances in the current legislation, the risks to human health and the environment are known. An understanding of the greater number of compounds not covered by legislation, in particular metals in particulate matter, is of paramount importance to support future changes and additions to the list of regulated components. According to the particle size of the particulate material, reaching nanometer scales, inhalation of this material can cause serious injury in the body, they have the ability to reach internal organs. The study is based on the sampling of particulate from the gas engine fueled with diesel material and/or different ratios of biodiesel fuel and ambient air cascade impactor; determining metals and arsenic in the atmosphere from different localities of the state of Rio de Janeiro and particulate matter exhaust gas bus engine/truck (EURO III) via acid opening of the material collected and the analytical technique ICP-OES. The results obtained for EURO III engine ranged from 100 to 10,000 ng m-3, with the emission reduction as addition of biodiesel in diesel is proven. However, in all fuel ratios employed, there was a high incidence of particulate emission level gauge, this behavior is also observed in the samples in ambient air. In this case, levels from 1.0 to 45.0 ng m-3 showed Caxias and Madureira as most polluted sites sampled. Ni is the metal that has more alarming situation because in all particle sizes and sampling sites, the contents of this element were higher than permitted by international law. Multivariate statistical analysis suggested that the B10 and B15 fuels are chemically similar, while B5 and B20 are significantly changes during its combustion and the Pearson correlation showed in ambient air, which places with near pollution levels showed similarity in the results, the air quality of Madureira is predominantly affected by the construction and traffic, the presence of Guanabara Bay around the University City influences on emissions, the refinery in Caxias is responsible for significant emissions of metals and in the Itatiaia National Park, unlike we thought, is not entirely free from pollution