Louca América: a luta por uma América Latina sem manicômios.

• Autor(a) principal: Assis, Aisllan Diego de
• Data de Publicação: 2019
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UERJ
• Texto Completo: http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/handle/1/4492
• topic: Antimanicomial struggles; Mental health; Social movements; Latin America; Luta antimanicomial; Saúde mental; Movimentos sociais; América Latina; CNPQ::CIENCIAS DA SAUDE::SAUDE COLETIVA

The thesis deals with the constitution and trajectory of the anti-asylum movement in Latin America. Throughout the twentieth century, this social movement was constituted as a collective subject that provides the denunciation of the violence and repression that the asylum represents. It established forms of struggle for the defense, valorization and guarantee of human rights and, more broadly, the struggle for democracy. The Latin American anti-asylum movement also represents madness in its creative and political form, because it integrates the set of social movements that are articulated around the construction of spaces of freedom, citizenship and care for people in mental suffering. The objective of the research that originated this thesis was to analyze the relationship between psychiatric reforms, mental health policies and social movements within the countries of Latin America. The research, exploratory and activist, was carried out through participation and observation in protests, marches, meetings and meetings, as well as in national and international events where leaders and representatives of the political movement were gathered. Interviews and conversations were also held with participants from the movement in Brazil, Argentina, Uruguay and Mexico. A research was carried out in the historical collection "Memories of the Psychiatric Reform", as well as the reading and analysis of bibliography and documents that contributed to the organization and reconstruction of the trajectory of the Latin-American movement. As a result, this trajectory shows how the participants and representatives of this social movement managed to organize and integrate themselves through events and meetings marked by the diversity and multiplicity of manifestations in two historical moments: by the Latin American Network of Alternatives to Psychiatry in the 1980s; and the international congresses of mental health and human rights held by the Popular University of the Mothers of the Plaza de Mayo from 2002 to 2013. Since 2017, a new integration of the Latin American anti-manicomial movement has been built through the Latin American Network and the Caribbean on Human Rights and Mental Health. As a critique of this process, the importance of the multiplicity and ancestry of the anti-asylum movement is discussed, resuming its revolutionary character, insofar as it is part of the class struggle. They point out their ambiguities in the form of accommodation around the reform processes that is done through a reductionist and voluntarist vision of the political struggle. Finally, its limits are discussed, showing how the restructuring of the State and public policies has provided a shift from the accumulation of the capital of the asylum to psychiatric drugs, shaping an intense process of social medicalization that demands of the antimanicomial movement reflection and strategies of political struggle . Beyond this first and largest limit, the risk of fragmentation is set as a second limit to be overcome. The political struggle over madness and its social destiny is one of the social struggles that are constantly being tackled in Latin America, and which is part of the international struggle for transformation and overcoming of the capitalist system, its crises and contradictions. Analyzing, integrating and participating in the anti-asylum movement is a way to integrate into this struggle for a Latin America without asylums.