Berkeley e o relativismo

• Autor(a) principal: Frambach, Danilo Bantim
• Data de Publicação: 2014
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UERJ
• Texto Completo: http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/handle/1/12257
• topic: God; George Berkeley; Immaterialism; Relativism; Knowledge; Deus; George Berkeley; Imaterialismo; Relativismo; Conhecimento; Berkeley, George, 1685-1753.; Filosofia moderna Séc. XVIII; Filosofia inglesa Séc. XVIII; CNPQ::CIENCIAS HUMANAS::FILOSOFIA::EPISTEMOLOGIA

In Berkeley s system named immaterialism the material substance is rejected, existing only two kinds of beings: those who perceive (spirits) and those who are perceived (ideas). Sensible objects do not have any existence beyond that given by the act of perception. Therefore, says the author, «to be is to be perceived» («esse est percipi»), and all that is known are the qualities revealed during the process of sensible perception. However, this statement seems to lead toward a very peculiar form of relativism, an individualistic subjectivism that entails great problems. In his two most important works: A Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge and Three Dialogues between Hylas and Philonous, Berkeley make several allusions to the relativity of the sensible qualities. Henceforth, the perceived qualities of each object are different according to the individuals. However, the opinion of the commentators differs about the relevance the Berkeley assigns to those relativistic references. Therefore, the purpose of the present work is to try to offer a possible solution to the problem of the relativistic references in Berkeley s immaterialism. We intend to investigate, in the course of the four subsequent chapters, each approaching a relevant aspect in the relation between relativism and Berkeley s theory, how is it possible for the philosopher to conciliate those two positions, maintaining intact the possibility of objective knowledge about the world and the agreement he claims to have with the common sense.