Efeito da exposição à violência e outras variáveis contextuais sobre os comportamentos de risco de adolescentes brasileiros.

• Autor(a) principal: Ramos, Dandara de Oliveira
• Data de Publicação: 2017
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UERJ
• Texto Completo: http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/handle/1/4780
• topic: Risk Behaviors; Adolescence; Self-report; Exposure to Violence; Evolutionary Psychology; Comportamentos de Risco; Adolescência; Autorrelato; Violência; Psicologia Evolucionista; CNPQ::CIENCIAS DA SAUDE::SAUDE COLETIVA

Nowadays, adolescent risk behaviors are among the world s top five factors with the highest attributable burden for premature death, therefore, the study of their determinants has been a major challenge in the health scientific literature. There has been several studies on the role of factors such as personality, temperament and family relationships on adolescent risk behavior. However, there is a lack of evidence regarding the influence of environmental risk factors. Using data from the National Survey of Adolescent Health (PeNSE), the main goal of this dissertation was to test the life history theory model for adolescent risk behaviors, highlighting the role of violent victimization and city level factors as explanatory variables. To do so, we started by exploring the internal consistency of self-reports of risk behavior from the PeNSE survey, in its 2009 and 2012 editions. The results showed that the overall proportion of cases with at least one inconsistent response in the two editions was 11.7% (2.7% on the alcohol items, 2.1% for drug use, 4.3% for cigarette use, 3.0% for sexual activity) and 22.7% (12.8% on alcohol items, 2.5% for drug use, 4.3% for cigarette use, 4.1% for sexual activity), respectively. Such inconsistency was more prevalent among males, delayed students, those who reported having experimented with drugs, and those who did not have a cellphone. Because inconsistent responses were more prevalent among the students who claimed to have engaged in risky activities, removing inconsistent responses affected the estimated prevalence of all risk behaviors in both editions of the survey. This study is reported as the first manuscript of this dissertation. The second one, focused on the association between violent victimization and risk behaviors (unprotected sex, drunkenness episodes, tobacco and drug experimentation) of Brazilian adolescents from the 26 state capitals and the Federal District. The results indicated that, being victimized is associated with increased drug experimentation (OR = 2.58; 95% CI = 2.29 2.91; Cohen s d = 0.43), tobacco experimentation (OR = 2.11; 95% CI = 1.94 2.30; Cohen s d = 0.37), unprotected sex (OR = 2.04; 95% CI = 1.78 2.33; Cohen s d = 0.40) and drunkenness episodes (OR = 2.05; 95% CI = 1.97 2.14; Cohen s d = 0.37). In addition, we found that the magnitude of these associations is related to broader environmental factors, such as the cities age-specific mortality rates, and specifically for females, income inequality and sex ratio. The findings on this dissertation reinforce the importance of consistency checks in self-reported data and the relevance of the evolutionary model for the study of adolescent risk behaviors.