Em busca da cor: construção cromática e linguagem gráfica de rótulos cromolitográficos do Arquivo Nacional e da Biblioteca Nacional (1876-1919)

• Autor(a) principal: Barros, Helena de
• Data de Publicação: 2018
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UERJ
• Texto Completo: http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/handle/1/9063
• topic: Color; Chromolithography; Color Prints; Labels; Brazilian Graphic Memory; Cor; Cromolitografia; Impressão colorida; Rótulos; Memória Gráfica Brasileira; CNPQ::CIENCIAS SOCIAIS APLICADAS::DESENHO INDUSTRIAL

This research deals with the strategies of color construction in a historical printing technology, the chromolithography and it s application in Brazilian commercial production. Practiced since mid XIX century through the first half of the XX century, chromolithography preceded the photochemical process of the matrix which made color separation mechanical and pragmatic, adopting four-color printing system based on subtractive color synthesis, still in use nowadays. On chromolithography, the image attributes were conditioned by the conception and elaboration of multiple lithography matrices, in a complex and empirical manual color separation process, carried out by a specific professional: the chromiste. This study begins with an overview of the problem, where the issue of color imaging reproduction and, in this context, the practice of chromolithography, in the world and in Brazil. In order to constitute the object of research, public collections available in Rio de Janeiro Arquivo Nacional and Fundação Biblioteca Nacional were resorted. In this institutions the first Brazilian chromolithographic prints were located and analyzed, as well as Brazilian products labels collections, where elaborated technical solutions were identified. The corpus of the study was formed based on these labels collections: a selection of a hundred print examples, produced from 1876 to 1919, in a variety of chromolithographic techniques. Based on the knowledge acquired on the technical research, methods of identification of the color and graphic techniques are proposed, by means of microscopic observation and registration. From these results, a first technical and conceptual comprehension of this material is proposed, discussing cultural relations between industry, design and consumption. The rescue of these historical prints takes place on the material culture field, throughout a research of ephemerals, investigating visual languages derived by technical/ productive approaches. The aim is to contribute to the history of Brazilian design field and its graphic memory as knowledge areas. The Thesis gathers information that helps researchers of these areas identify the chromolithography technique and conducts critic reflection on the color concepts practiced in color printing.