Síntese de ésteres derivados do ácido oléico empregando lipases produzidas por Yarrowia lipolytica

• Autor(a) principal: Fercher, Anna Carolina Veiga
• Data de Publicação: 2014
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UERJ
• Texto Completo: http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/handle/1/12014
• topic: Biodiesel; oleic acid; lipases; Yarrowia lipolytica; Biodiesel; ácido oléico; lipases; Yarrowia lipolytica; CNPQ::ENGENHARIAS::ENGENHARIA QUIMICA::TECNOLOGIA QUIMICA

Biodiesel is a biofuel which consists in a mix of monoalkylesters from long chain fatty acids. The usual method of producing this fuel is transesterification of vegetable oils with lower alcohols. In this process, the raw material should have a low content of free fatty acid (≤ 1%) and water(≤ 0.5%). As an alternative to the transesterification process stands out the use of low cost raw materials with high content of free fatty acids for the synthesis of alkyl esters through esterification reactions. Reactions for biodiesel production can be catalyzed chemically (acid and basic) or enzymatic. In enzymatic catalysis biocatalysts employed are lipases which are enzymes that catalyze hydrolysis and ester synthesis and can be obtained from microorganisms, plants and animal tissue and the most widely used is from microbial origin. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of Yarrowia lipolytica s lipase a non-conventional yeast on the synthesis of esters of oleic acid in order to obtain alkyl esters (biodiesel). Effects of temperature (25, 30, 35, 40, 50 and 60oC) enzyme content (5, 10, 20, 30 and 40% v/v) and type of alcohol (methanol, ethanol, n-propanol and n-butanol) were studied in the esterification reactions of oleic acid employing enzymatic liquid produced by Yarrowia lipolytica. The results demonstrated that reactions conducted at 30oC and with 10% v/v of the enzyme extract showed higher initial reaction rate and higher conversion of oleic acid for all alcohols studied. Use of lyophilized enzyme extract (5%w/v) and SEP(solid enzymatic product) (5% w/v) from Yarrowia lipolytica was also evaluated in the esterification reaction of oleic acid with n-butanol at 30oC. The higher consumption of oleic acid has occurred in the reaction conducted with SEP. The effect of temperature (25, 30, 35, 40 and 50oC) in the synthesis of butyloleate was then investigated in reactions employing SEP as biocatalyst, and the higher conversion of oleic acid was observed at 40oC