Trocas afetivas de crianças em acolhimento institucional com seus pares e educadores

• Autor(a) principal: Kappler, Stella Rabello
• Data de Publicação: 2017
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UERJ
• Texto Completo: http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/handle/1/15400
• topic: Affective exchanges; Institutional care; Children; Trocas afetivas; Acolhimento institucional; Psicologia Social; Crianças; Afeto (Psicologia); CNPQ::CIENCIAS HUMANAS::PSICOLOGIA::PSICOLOGIA SOCIAL

The affective bonds are the result of our phylogenetic history, since they evolved as a mechanism that promotes care, protection and closeness between the child and his/her caregivers. In addition, they are constituted according to the sociocultural context in which they are lived and are considered a fundamental component for healthy development. Thus, affective exchanges established among children, their parents and/or caregivers are pointed out in the literature as one of the development protection factors, which increases the chances that the individual demonstrates a positive adaptation to adversity. The main objective of this research was to identify and characterize affective exchanges (AE) and attempts to establish these exchanges (AEE), in contexts of child-child interaction and child-caregiver, for sheltered children. The participants were ten children of both sexes, aged six to eleven, were institutionalized in two shelters located in the city of Petrópolis, state of Rio de Janeiro, and six caregivers responsible for their care. This is an observational study, using the technique of the focal subject (FS), based on naturalistic observations, in free situations, performed in the dependencies of the host institutions and recorded in video. The analyzes were based on pre-defined categories for AEE, AE and affective behaviors. Semi-structured interviews were also conducted with the caregivers, analyzed based on content analysis. The results showed that the AEE were more frequent, reaching a percentage of 70.4%, whereas the AE, reached the rate of 29.6% of the total episodes identified. There was a percentage of 94% of the AEE and AE episodes that occurred among children and their peers, indicating that attempts and exchanges were much less frequent among children and their caregivers. Regarding the affective behaviors observed, the laughing/smiling type was the one that had the highest occurrence, reaching 65.64% of the total occurrences of affective behaviors, followed by speaking or shouting negative content (11.75%) and verbally assaulting (6.51%). It was also observed that the children showed more affective behaviors and more involved in AEE and AE, in moments of play. With regard to interviews with caregivers, they have been concerned about the impact their work may have on the development of children. However, the interviewees reported to establish few affective exchanges with them, although they have recognized their relevance. It is believed, based on the evidence found, that it is necessary to implement rules and norms that make feasible and value affective exchanges in institutional settings, especially among children and their caregivers. In addition, it is important to carry out more research that seeks to study affectivity in institutional settings, thus fomenting the discussion about the theme