Impacto de polimorfismos genéticos da enzima óxido nítrico sintase endotelial sobre as adaptações da reatividade vascular e modulação autonômica a treinamento com exercícios físicos e dieta

• Autor(a) principal: Silva, Bruno Moreira
• Data de Publicação: 2010
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UERJ
• Texto Completo: http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/handle/1/12581
• topic: Genetic polymorphism; Exercise training; Diet; Nitric oxide; Endothelium; Autonomic nervous system; exercícios físicos; Polimorfismo genético; Treinamento físico; Dieta; Óxido nítrico; Endotélio; Sistema nervoso autônomo; CNPQ::CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::FISIOLOGIA::FISIOLOGIA DO ESFORCO

There is large inter-individual variability in cardiovascular adaptations induced by exercise training and diet, probably due to genetic variations. Therefore the general aim of this thesis was to investigate the impact of variations in the endothelial nitric oxide (eNOS) gene on vascular reactivity and autonomic modulation adaptations induced by exercise training and diet. Four studies were done to accomplish this aim. In the first study, we developed a novel method to analyze blood flow data obtained by venous occlusion plethysmography, which had high intra and inter-evaluators reproducibility, and reduced the amount of time required to analyze data by 40% (p<0.05). In the second study, we investigated the impact of two polymorphisms in the eNOS gene (-786T>C and 894G>T) on vascular reactivity adaptation to exercise training and diet in 43 healthy young women (18 to 49 years old). Vascular reactivity was evaluated by the increase in vascular conductance after five minutes of ischemia, which was done before, 10 and 60 min after a maximal cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET). Vascular reactivity increased approximately 20% after the intervention at 10 min post CPET (p<0.05). This increase was associated with the polymorphic genotype for position -786 (TC and CC) and the wild type genotype for position 894, as well as haplotypes containing only wild type or only polymorphic alleles for both positions -786 and 894.The unexpected association between eNOS polymorphisms and vascular reactivity increase after the intervention suggested that redundant mechanisms probably compensated a lower NO production in polymorphic subjects. Therefore, in the third study we investigated the role of redundant mechanisms in vascular reactivity regulation in 10 healthy subjects (18 to 35 years old). It was observed that adenosine inhibition alone, or in combination with NO inhibition did not reduce the reactive hyperemia after ischemic exercise (p<0.05). Therefore, our data suggest that in the absence of these mediators other compensatory mechanisms maintained the hyperemic response. Finally, the forth study investigated the impact of three eNOS genetic polymorphisms (-786T>C, 4b4a e 894G>T) on the parasympathetic autonomic modulation adaptation induced by exercise training in 80 healthy young men (18 to 35 years old). Autonomic modulation did not change in subjects with wild type genotypes and haplotype (p>0.05). However, autonomic modulation was reduced after training in subjects with the polymorphic genotype for position -786 (TC or CC) (p<0.05), as well as in subjects with a haplotype containing polymorphic alleles for both positions -786 and 894 (p<0.05). In conclusion, the semi-automatic method for analysis of plethysmography data is reproducible and faster than the traditional manual method. The polimorphisms -786T>C and 894G>T in the eNOS gene do not necessarily interfere with the vascular reactivity adaptation to exercise training and diet, probably due to compensatory mechanisms of vascular reactivity regulation. Notwithstanding, these genetic polymorphisms seem to compromise the autonomic modulation adaptation to exercise training, which was not observed for the 4b4a polymorphism.